3 - integumentary diseases

Question 1

acne

Answer 1

inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles that results in pustules and papules (common in teenagers)

Question 2

acne rosacea

Answer 2

red rash, tiny pimples, and blood vessels develop typically on cheeks and nose (chronic acne in adults)

Question 3

alopecia areata

Answer 3

hair loss in defined patches

Question 4

alopecia

Answer 4

loss of hair (typically on the head)

Question 5

androgenic alopecia

Answer 5

hair loss that results from aging

Question 5

burns

Answer 5

injuries that result from heat, fire, chemicals, electricity, lightning, or radiation applied to the skin

Question 5

basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

Answer 5

skin cancer found in epidermis
common and largely the result of sun exposure
typically does not metastasize to deeper tissues

Question 6

first degree burn

Answer 6

only affects epidermis
results in erythema without blisters

Question 7

third degree burn

Answer 7

extends through epidermis, dermis, and the underlying tissues
aka “full thickness burn”
puts patient at risk for infection and fluid loss
requires intensive treatment and possible SG

Question 7

second degree burn

Answer 7

extends through the epidermis and into the dermis
aka “partial thickness burn”
causes blisters to form

Question 8

cellulitis

Answer 8

acute, diffuse inflammation and erythema of the skin and subq tissue
caused by bacterial infection from a variety of bacteria that can gain access to the skin through openings in the skin

Question 9

decubitus ulcers (decub)

Answer 9

can form on any part of the body that bears weight
form due to pressure obstructing blood flow for extended period of time
aka “pressure sores”
high risk patient type: non-ambulatory or bedridden
form on heels, back of legs, and buttocks

Question 10

ecchymosis

Answer 10

another term for bruising
typically caused by trauma
creates black/blue appearance of skin from blood collection underneath

Question 11

eczema

Answer 11

acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition
skin becomes red and itchy
can manifest w/ vesicles, papules, pustules, scales, and crusting
common in children but can flare at any age
aka “atopic dermatitis”

Question 12

gangrene

Answer 12

tissue necrosis caused by lack of blood supply
difficult to treat; requires wound debridement and intravenous antibiotics
can lead to amputations of limbs if skin cannot heal

Question 13

herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Answer 13

viral infection caused by herpes virus type 1
causes blisters around lips and nose

Question 13

impetigo

Answer 13

inflammatory skin disease that presents w/ pustules and vesicles that rupture and crust
can result from streptococcus or staphylococcus infection

Question 13

herpes zoster

Answer 13

viral infection caused by varicella-zoster virus
occurs along a nerve root
causes painful blisters to form along nerve on skin
aka “shingles”
a reactivation of the virus that causes varicella (chickenpox)
can be prevented with vaccine administered to adults

Question 14

malignant melanoma (MM)

Answer 14

originates in a melanocyte
skin cancer that is aggressive
can metastasize to other areas of the body

Question 15

pediculosis

Answer 15

infection caused by lice
eggs (nits) found at base of hair shaft
lice saliva causes a rash which is irritating and pruritic (itchy)

Question 16

psoriasis

Answer 16

chronic inflammatory condition where crusty papules form patches on skin
patches have circular borders

Question 17

scabies

Answer 17

an infection from a mite that burrows into the dermis of the skin and deposits eggs
nymphs hatch within 2 weeks, mature and go to skin surface to mate and re-invade
burrowing of mite causes inflammation, vesicles, and itching
treated with topical scabicide

Question 18

squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

Answer 18

skin cancer that starts in the epidermis
can grow into deeper tissue and cause ulcers
rarely metastasizes to other areas

Question 19

tinea corporis

Answer 19

aka “ringworm”
contagious fungal infection; caused by many fungi (dermatophytes)
results in scaling, discolored, well defined skin lesions that are itchy and patchy

Question 19

tinea pedis

Answer 19

aka “athletes foot”
specifically fungal infection of feet

Question 20

tinea capitis

Answer 20

fungal infection of the scalp

Question 21

varicella

Answer 21

viral infection of herpes zoster
causes fever and headache
associated with a skin rash of macules, papules, vesicles, and crusts
common name = chicken pox
prevented with childhood vaccine

Question 22

vitiligo

Answer 22

skin condition where the pigment of the skin disappears and area appears white