3 - integumentary diseases Flashcards
acne
inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles that results in pustules and papules (common in teenagers)
acne rosacea
red rash, tiny pimples, and blood vessels develop typically on cheeks and nose (chronic acne in adults)
alopecia areata
hair loss in defined patches
alopecia
loss of hair (typically on the head)
androgenic alopecia
hair loss that results from aging
burns
injuries that result from heat, fire, chemicals, electricity, lightning, or radiation applied to the skin
basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
skin cancer found in epidermis
common and largely the result of sun exposure
typically does not metastasize to deeper tissues
first degree burn
only affects epidermis
results in erythema without blisters
third degree burn
extends through epidermis, dermis, and the underlying tissues
aka “full thickness burn”
puts patient at risk for infection and fluid loss
requires intensive treatment and possible SG
second degree burn
extends through the epidermis and into the dermis
aka “partial thickness burn”
causes blisters to form
cellulitis
acute, diffuse inflammation and erythema of the skin and subq tissue
caused by bacterial infection from a variety of bacteria that can gain access to the skin through openings in the skin
decubitus ulcers (decub)
can form on any part of the body that bears weight
form due to pressure obstructing blood flow for extended period of time
aka “pressure sores”
high risk patient type: non-ambulatory or bedridden
form on heels, back of legs, and buttocks
ecchymosis
another term for bruising
typically caused by trauma
creates black/blue appearance of skin from blood collection underneath
eczema
acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition
skin becomes red and itchy
can manifest w/ vesicles, papules, pustules, scales, and crusting
common in children but can flare at any age
aka “atopic dermatitis”
gangrene
tissue necrosis caused by lack of blood supply
difficult to treat; requires wound debridement and intravenous antibiotics
can lead to amputations of limbs if skin cannot heal
herpes simplex virus (HSV)
viral infection caused by herpes virus type 1
causes blisters around lips and nose
impetigo
inflammatory skin disease that presents w/ pustules and vesicles that rupture and crust
can result from streptococcus or staphylococcus infection
herpes zoster
viral infection caused by varicella-zoster virus
occurs along a nerve root
causes painful blisters to form along nerve on skin
aka “shingles”
a reactivation of the virus that causes varicella (chickenpox)
can be prevented with vaccine administered to adults
malignant melanoma (MM)
originates in a melanocyte
skin cancer that is aggressive
can metastasize to other areas of the body
pediculosis
infection caused by lice
eggs (nits) found at base of hair shaft
lice saliva causes a rash which is irritating and pruritic (itchy)
psoriasis
chronic inflammatory condition where crusty papules form patches on skin
patches have circular borders
scabies
an infection from a mite that burrows into the dermis of the skin and deposits eggs
nymphs hatch within 2 weeks, mature and go to skin surface to mate and re-invade
burrowing of mite causes inflammation, vesicles, and itching
treated with topical scabicide
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
skin cancer that starts in the epidermis
can grow into deeper tissue and cause ulcers
rarely metastasizes to other areas
tinea corporis
aka “ringworm”
contagious fungal infection; caused by many fungi (dermatophytes)
results in scaling, discolored, well defined skin lesions that are itchy and patchy
tinea pedis
aka “athletes foot”
specifically fungal infection of feet
tinea capitis
fungal infection of the scalp
varicella
viral infection of herpes zoster
causes fever and headache
associated with a skin rash of macules, papules, vesicles, and crusts
common name = chicken pox
prevented with childhood vaccine
vitiligo
skin condition where the pigment of the skin disappears and area appears white
