3. How do organisms sustain themselves Flashcards
What happens during inhalation?
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contracts and moves down.
Volume of thorax increases, which decreases the pressure.
What happens during exhalation?
Intercostal muscles relax, moving the ribs down and in
The diaphragm relaxes and moves up (into a dome shape)
The volume of the thorax decreases, and so the pressure increases, thus, air is released.
Explain large surface area of lungs adaptation
Lungs have alveoli which have a lot of surface area due to their shape which aid in gas exchange to occur between the respiratory surface and the bloodstream.
What is ventilation?
It ensures there is always a difference in the oxygen concentration between the alveoli and the blood.
Explain concentration gradient in respiration adaptation
Oxygen moves from alveoli to blood stream where particle pressure is lower and carbon dioxide moves from blood to alveoli where particle pressure is higher.
Explain small diffusion distance in respiration adaptation
There is very less space between the walls of alveoli and capillaries surrounding them, which allows for faster rate of diffusion. This thin barrier ensures rapid and efficient exchange of gases.
What is the function of carbohydrates (sugars)?
For energy
What is the function of proteins?
Help your body repair cells and create new ones
What is the function of fats/ lipids?
Store energy, insulation
What is the function of Iron?
To make hemoglobin in blood
What is hemoglobin?
Facilitates the transport of oxygen in red blood cell
What is the function of Calcium?
To make bone
What is the function of vitamins?
Chemicals that ensure cells function properly
What is the function of fibre?
Helps transit of food through the gut (soluble fibre lowers cholesterol)
Macromolecule of carbohydrate
Starch
Macromolecule of proteins
Amino Acids
Test for carbohydrates/ stach
Put substance in beaker, add few drops of iodine, if substance turns blue/black there is starch in the solution
Macromolecule of lipids
Fatty Acids
Test for glucose
Heat the beaker containing the substance and add blue benedicts reagent. If the substance turns orange/brown that means glucose is present.
Test for protein
Add NaOH and CuSO4 to the solution in the beaker, if colour becomes purple protein is present.