1. How is life organised (Cells) Flashcards
Types of cells which lack a defined nucleus
Prokaryotic
Types of cells with a defined nucleus
Eukaryotic
List 3 differences between plant and animal cells
- Plant cells have a large vacuole
- Plant cells have a cell wall and animal cells do not
- Plant cells have chloroplasts and animal cells do not
What is the function of vacuole?
Vacuoles store water, food, waste, salts, minerals, pigments, and proteins
Waste management: Vacuoles take in and get rid of waste products, including harmful toxins
What is the function of cytoplasm?
Cell growth and replication: Cytoplasm is the site of cell expansion, growth, and replication.
Cell shape: Cytoplasm maintains the cell’s shape.
Organelle function: Cytoplasm provides a platform for organelles to function within the cel
What is the function of lysosomes?
Cellular digestion and waste disposal.
What is the function of golgi apparatus?
Transport, sorting and modification of both protein and lipid
MRS GREN
Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition
List the 5 animal kingdoms
- Monera
- Protista
- Animalia
- Plantae
- Fungi
Homologous features
Features with similar structures but different functions
Examples of homologous features
Pentadactyl Limbs
Limbs of different animals such as humans, whales, etc.
Analogous features
Structures of different species having similar functions but not from the same ancestor
Examples of analogous features
Wings of birds and insects
Characteristics of Monera kingdom
Uni-cellular
Prokaryotic
Have Cell Wall
Characteristics of Protista kingdom
Eukaryotic
Uni-Cellular
Aquatic
Characteristics of Animalia kingdom
Multi-cellular
Eukaryotic
No cell wall
Heterotroph (use complex food sources for energy)
Characteristics of Plantae kingdom
Multi-cellular
Eukaryotic
Have cell wall and chloroplast
Autotroph
Characteristics of Fungi kingdom
Heterotroph
Have Cell Wall
Can reproduce in both ways (sexual and asexual)
Cell Theory
All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
All cells come from other cells
Theory of spontaneous regeneration
Idea that non-living matter can give rise to living organisms
Pasteur boiled a meat broth in a flask that had a long neck that curved downward, like a goose. The idea was that the bend in the neck prevented falling particles from reaching the broth, while still allowing the free flow of air. The flask remained free of growth for an extended period
STEM cells
The body’s foundation, as they are the only cells that can create specialized cells
Stem cells are used in healthcare to treat blood disorders and blood cancer
Function of a centrosome
Aids in cellular division
Muscle Cell Types
Smooth Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle cell
Control involuntary movements in organs like the intestines and blood vessels, and are adapted with spindle-shaped cells and no striations to allow slow, sustained contractions
Skeletal Muscle cell
Contract to move bones and are adapted with long, cylindrical, multinucleated fibers and many mitochondria for powerful, voluntary contractions
Cardiac Muscle cell
Pump blood throughout the body and are adapted with branching fibers, a single nucleus, and intercalated discs to allow strong, rhythmic, and continuous contractions
