11. Biotechnology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Two main techniques of manipulating DNA in the nucleus of cells

A

Cloning

Genetic engineering or genetic modification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cloning

A

Where the DNA of one organism is copied exactly into another organism
(there is no change to the DNA)

Genes are copied within the same species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Genetic engineering or genetic modification

A

DNA is modified so that a unique set of genes is produced

Genetic engineering provides a faster way to modify species by directly
transplanting genes for a desired characteristic into an organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Selective breeding

A

Modifying the gene pools of species by selecting favourable characteristics

Results in improved crops, livestock, disease resistance, improved milk yield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Naturally produced clones

A

Via asexual reproduction as there is no joining of gametes and offspring is genetically identical to the parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Benefits of cloning (7)

A
  • Providing new babies for infertile couples
  • Producing new organs for transplant that won’t be rejected
  • Helping ensure the survival of endangered species, and bringing back extinct animals
  • Producing useful proteins in milk to treat diseases
  • Producing medically useful animals
  • Producing prize agricultural animals
  • Pet cloning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DNA Replication enzymes

A

DNA Polymerase
Helicase
Primase
Ligase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Helicase

A

‘Unzipping enzyme’

Breaking the hydrogen bond that holds the DNA bases together (spilts the 2 strands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

DNA Polymerase

A

‘The builder’

Builds new set of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ligase

A

‘The Gluer’

Glue DNA fragments together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primase

A

‘The initialiser’

Tells the DNA Polymerase where to start building the new DNA set by creating primer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bioprinting

A

Printing 3D-tissue and organs by utilizing stem cells

Create organs suitable for transplantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bioprinters

A

Bioprinters use inkjet needles to deliver cells and with the help of a support structure and other things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly