2. What Chemical Processes Support Life

Question 1

Aerobic respiration

Answer 1

Releasing energy from food in the presence of oxygen

Question 2

Aerobic respiration Equation

Answer 2

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + ATP

Question 3

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

Answer 3

Mitochondria

Question 4

Order for aerobic respiration

Answer 4

1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle
3. Electron Transport Chain
4. ATP Synthase

Question 5

Chemical Equation for Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 5

Animals: C6H12O6 → 2C3H6O3 + ATP

Plants: C6H12O6 → 2C3H6O3 + 2CO2 + ATP

Question 6

Two stages of Anaerobic respiration

Answer 6

1. Glycolysis
2. Fermentation

Question 7

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 7

Occurs in the absence of oxygen

Question 8

5 differences between Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration

Answer 8

1. Aerobic respiration produces 36 ATP, Anaerobic only produces 2 ATP
2. Aerobic has 4 stages, Anaerobic has 2 stages
3. End products of Aerobic is CO2 and H2O, Anaerobic end products are alcohol, CO2, lactic acid
4. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, anaerobic does not
5. Aerobic occurs in cytoplasm and mitchondria, anaerobic occurs only in cytoplasm

Question 9

Metabolism

Answer 9

Sum of all chemical reactions in a body

Question 10

Chemical process which occurs in the cell

Answer 10

Metabolism

Question 11

List 3 factors affecting Metabolism

Answer 11

1. Body Composition
2. Age
3. Physical Activity

Question 12

Catabolic reaction

Answer 12

Breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules

Question 13

Anabolic reaction

Answer 13

Builds larger molecules from smaller molecules

Question 14

Example of an anabolic reaction

Answer 14

Photosynthesis

Question 15

Is respiration catabolic or anabolic?

Answer 15

Catabolic

Question 16

Glycolysis

Answer 16

ANEROBIC process (it does not require presence of oxygen and takes place in anaerobic respiration as well as aerobic respiration)

Splits pyruvates
Releases some ATP
NaDH is collected

Question 17

What is pyruvate used for?

Answer 17

Krebs Cycle

Question 18

Krebs Cycle

Answer 18

Inside mitochondrial matrix
Uses oxygen (aerobic process)
Amphibolic Pathway (catabolic and anabolic processes both)

Question 19

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 19

Electrons are transferred from NaDH and FaDH to protein complexes and electron carriers.

Used to make a proton and chemical gradient

Question 20

ATP Synthase

Answer 20

Enzyme which makes ATP

Adds phosphate to ADP

Question 21

Experiment to see presence of starch in a leaf

Answer 21

The leaf starch test:
1.Put a black paper strip on the leaf
2.Water bath- put the leaf in the test tube with ethanol. (alcohol- it takes the chlorophyll) A candle below. (we heat it up because it enhances the iodine solution step)
3.Iodine solution- this is the starch test
4.Then see the results!

Question 22

Factors affecting photosynthesis

Answer 22

1. Light intensity
2. Carbon Dioxide concentration and volume
3. Temperature (enzymes may get denatured)

Question 23

Experiment to see importance of CO2 during photosynthesis

Answer 23

Insert a part of the leaf of a destarched plant(plant which doesn’t contain starch)into a conical flask containing potassium hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide solution absorbs the carbon dioxide gas from the air present in the glass bottle. Leave the plant sunlight. After few hours, perform a starch test to this and another leaf of the same plant.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sc4efTPQpL0

Question 24

Experiment to see importance of sunlight during photosynthesis

Answer 24

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JCbGUgm8Uq0

Question 25

Experiment to see that Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis

Answer 25

Experiment to see that Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis

A water plant, such as the hydrilla shown in the diagram, placed into a beaker containing pond water. The experiment is then exposed to sunlight. After a few hours, gas bubbles form and collect in the test-tube. Hence, we can conclude that oxygen is produced as the gas bubbles are created by the presence of oxygen in the water the plant was in when it photosynthesized. We can confirm these gas bubbles are oxygen bubbles by taking the test-tube, exposing it momentarily, then putting a lit matchstick over it, which will turn into fumes as oxygen is known to support combustion. This confirms that the gas bubbles are indeed oxygen as it produces a reaction with another gas that is typically exclusive to oxygen.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2YBi7d4x8

Question 26

Transpiration

Answer 26

The loss of water from a plant

Question 27

Factors affecting transpiration

Answer 27

Surface Area of Leaves

Water Availability: When water is scarce, plants may close their stomata to conserve water, leading to a decrease in transpiration.
Temperature: As temperatures rise, the rate of transpiration generally increases. This is because warmer air can hold more water vapor, creating a steeper concentration gradient between the leaf and the air.