3. Horseshoe kidney

Question 1

MC congenital renal abnormality

Answer 1

Horse kidney

Question 2

horseshoe kidney - definition

Answer 2

interior poles of kidneys fuse abnormally

Question 3

function

Answer 3

normally

Question 4

location

Answer 4

As they ascend from pelvis during fetal development , horseshoe kidneys get trapped under inferior mesenteric artery and remain low in the abdomen

Question 5

Horse shoe kidney is associated with

Answer 5

1.hydronephrosis (eg, ureteropelvic junction obstruction),
2. renal stones,
3.infection,
4.chromosomal aneuploidy syndromes (eg,
Turner syndrome; trisomies 13, 18, 21), and
5.rarely renal cancer.

Question 6

Unilateral renal agenesis - mechanism and definition

Answer 6

ureteric bud fails to develop and induce differentation of metanphric mesnhume –> complete absence of kidney and ureter

Question 7

Unilateral renal agenesis - definition

Answer 7

complete absence of kidney and ureter

Question 8

Unilateral renal agenesis - diagnosis

Answer 8

often perinatally via ultrasound

Question 9

• A 40-year-old man is incidentally found to have fused kidneys on an abdominal CT scan. Name this anatomic abnormality.

Answer 9

Horseshoe kidney

Question 10

• The horseshoe kidney gets trapped beneath the ____ artery.

Answer 10

Inferior mesenteric (and it remains low in the abdomen)

Question 11

• A girl with a webbed neck, short stature, and a low hairline presents with amenorrhea. What renal anomaly might be found on ultrasound?

Answer 11

Horseshoe kidney (this is Turner syndrome)

Question 12

• Name the group of congenital syndromes with which horseshoe kidney is most strongly associated.

Answer 12

Chromosomal aneuploidy syndromes (e.g., Down, Edwards, Patau, Turner)