3 - Garibaldi’s 1860 Southern takeover Flashcards
garibaldi’s reaction to losing nice
organise a force to prevent its annexation (The Thousand)
met near Genoa
what broke in april 1860
news of a sicilian insurrection
although only 1/10th of his force were sicilian, he was persuaded to sail south
who persuaded garibaldi to help sicily
crispi
they sailed south to pilo
garibaldi declared that he would do what?
liberate italy in the name of “italy and victor emmanuel”
when did Garibaldi and VE first meet?
march 1859
reported to have got on well
VE liked him as Garibaldi represented direct action rather than the slow process of diplomacy
when did Cavour and Garibaldi first meet?
1856
they also met again in 1858 when Cavour told him about provoking a war with Austria.
but they had their differences in their aims.
cavour/garibaldi differences
cavour wanted to expel austria and didn’t like garibaldi’s populism/idealism
garibaldi disliked cavour’s intellectual air
cavour’s inaction in preventing garibaldi from sailing south led to..
a wider political paralysis
(helping garibaldi would alienate France and moderate opinion BUT if he refused to support garibaldi he would be branded anti-Italy)
when did garbaldi land and where
massala, Sicily
11 may 1860
response of the locals to garibaldi landing in sicily
he was very popular. they joined the cause and marched on Palermo as recruits of the Thousand
the thousand
poorly armed
but well trained and well led
26 May
the thousand infiltrated palermo at night
3 brutal days of street fighting against 20,000 bourbon army
garibaldi’s force seized the capital.
why did garibaldi’s force beat the 20,000 strong bourbon army
bourbon regime had a financial crisis at the time
bourbon army was unpopular
armistice for palermo (3 days of street fighting)
2 June
the whole island was conquered by end of July
who did Garibaldi appoint as secretary of state of Sicily
crispi
crispi’s reforms in sicily
abolition of the macinato (unpopular milling tax)
abolition of feudal social structures
local irregular troops conscripted and looting prohibited
why were crispi’s reforms bad in the long term
they raised expectations and instances of banditry
as the people were not content with limited reform
cavour realised that any threat to the papacy (by garibaldi) would result in..
french intervention and therefore a french victory
british
sympathetic to the italian cause
allowed Garibaldi to cross the Straits of Messina
what did Cavour order Admiral Persano to do
sail to naples
launch a pro-piedmontese uprising
this failed due to a lack of support
cavour’s alliances
worked behind the scenes with louis napoleon for an alliance with the bourbons against garibaldi
when did garibaldi launch his takeover of the mainland
august 1860
in the name of “Victor Emmanuel and Italy”
garibaldi’s force when he landed on the mainland in august
3500
garibaldi’s mainland fight
bourbon forces were in disarray and fell back to north of naples
Francesco II of Naples fled in September
garibaldi entered naples the day after he fled with no opposition and was met by wildly enthusiastic crowds
