.3 Flashcards
Tactical Formations
Combat Cruise and Combat Spread
Combat Cruise
- Wing can fly anywhere on rearward arc extending 10degrees ahead on either side of lead 2. Preferred Position: 30-45degrees off Lead Tail with a min 3-5 rotor diameter separation
a. 10’ = beanie on Horizon b. 45degree = near main gear splits; nose and other main 3. Prolonged flight within 15degree of Lead’s tail should be avoided
What defines TERF flight?
intent to fly below 200’AGL
Types of TERF profiles:
Low-Level and Contour
Low-Level characterized by
Constant airspeed and altitude
Contour characterized by:
vary altitude and airspeed as dictated by obstacles
Tactical Formation Maneuvers: all 9
- Tac Turns 2. Center turns 3. in-place turns 4. split turns 5. cross turns 6. break turns 7. Dig 8. Pinch 9. Cover
Tac turn 1. HDG change 2. Command
- Used to change heading 60-120 degrees. 90degrees is understood 2. Command “TAC Left/Right”
3 fundamentals to a TAC turn
- outside a/c will always turn first 2. Tac Wing will always change sides
TAC turn away from wing
Lead maintains hdg and wing immediately turns. As Wing passes 5 or 7oc Lead Turns
TAC Turns into Wing
Wing maintains heading until Lead passes 5 to 7oc position and then Wing turns.
Center Turns
Center turns are turns of 120 to 240 degrees of heading change. When the aircrew receive the command “CALL SIGN FLIGHT, CENTER,” both aircraft turn toward each other while maintaining power. Wingman should delay turning momentarily until abeam the position in space in which lead commenced the turn IOT remain DASH 2
In-place Turns 1. When to use 2. Command 3. Procedure
- They can be used for small heading changes of 60 degrees or less or for large course changes of 120 to 240 degrees. 2.Command, “In-place left/right.” A heading change of 180 is understood 3. During turns of 60 degrees or less aircraft will maintain position relative to one another. Large Turns Wing will be placed on the opposite side of Lead
Split Turn 1. HDG Change 2. Command 3. Procedure
- HDG change of 120 to 240 2. “SPLIT”. 180degrees is understood. 3. Recieve command turn away from each other while maintaining power
Cross Turn 1. HDG Change 2. Command 3. Procedure
- 120 to 240 2. “x flight, cross.” understood lead will go inside unless announced. 3. a/c are turning toward one another. Initial separation determines AOB needed to establish a/c on new heading with the desired separation
Break Turns 1. HDG Change 2. Command 3. Procedure
Max a/c performance maneuvers 2. “Break Left/Right.” 90 degrees is understood 3. Both a/c immediately conduct max performance turn to quickly orient the flight in the new direction.
Dig and Pinch
Tactical lead uses to adjust the separation of the flight. 1. Dig = both a/c turn 30 to 45 degrees away from center of the flight 2. Pinch = both a/c turn inward 30 to 45 degrees. 3. Resume = a/c return to their original heading
Cover
added to any formation maneuver to tell wing to break horizontal plane with tactical lead by either increasing or decreasing altitude
HAC
Ultimately responsible for mission accomplishment. A HAC must demonstrate leadership qualities and traits that enable an aircraft to be flown with minimal guidance, as well as utilize and employ the crew and weapons system to facilitate mission accomplishment.
What does METT-TC stand for?
Mission Enemy Terrain and weather Troops and support Time available Civil considerations
Go Criteria
Prerequisites that need to be met. Based on friendly disposition. Should be developed to support essential tasks.
No-Go
Prevent the mission from happening. Based on enemy disposition and weather
5 Contingencies that must always be considered:
TRAP CASEVAC Immediate Reembark Emergency extract Asset attrition
What are the responsibilities of a HAC?
- Ultimately responsible for Mission accomplishment 2. Must demonstrate leadership qualities and traits that enable an aircraft to be flown w/ minimal guidance.
Responsiblities of the MACO?
- Accountability of GCE personnel 2. Ensuring the correct sticks board the correct aircraft. 3. Executing bump plan if less than planned number of aircraft executes the mission.
2 type of Missions are categorized as?
- Preplanned 2. Immediate
2 types of preplanned missions
scheduled or on call
What is a scheduled preplanned mission?
to be executed at a predetermined time.
What is a on-call preplanned mission?
to be executed upon request and have no set time for commencement.
5 Mission Precedencies:
- Routine 2. Priority 3. Urgent 4. Emergency 5. Mandatory
What is Routine Precedince?
- Assigned for the administrative and tactical transport of personnel, material, or equipment where time is not a critical factor and delay would not endanger lives or loss of material
What is Priority Precedince?
- tactical movement of personnel, materiel, or equipment where excessive delay would jeopardize the success of the mission. 2. priority CASEVAC would be assigned for the evacuation of seriously wounded, injured, or ill personnel who require hospitalization but whose immediate evacuation is not a matter of life or death.
What is urgent Precedince?
- only applicable to the CASEVAC of critically wounded, injured,or ill personnel whose immediate evacuation is a matter of life or death.
What is emergency Precedince?
- assigned for missions involving the safety of US or other friendly lives and missions requiring immediate transport of vital supplies or equipment.
What is Mandatory Precedince?
- assigned for missions involving possible loss of human life or national prestige to the extent that normally unacceptable risks are taken in their accomplishment.
Definition of Constraints?
What must be done to accomplish the mission.
Definition of Restraints?
what cannot be done while executing the mission
Driving considerations behind route selection?
- aviodance of enemy detection and fire 2. ease of navigation
6 Functions of Marine Aviation
Air Recon
Assault support
Control of aircraft and missiles
Electronic warfare
Offensive Air support
Antiair Warfare
“Another Asshole Can’t Eat Oysters Again”
General Categories of Assault support:
Combat Assault
Air Delivery
Aerial Refueling
Air Evacuation
Tactical Recovery of aircraft equipment and personnel (TRAP)
Air logistical support
Types of landing when conducting a raid and describe?
- Offset - Landing at a distance of 1,000 m or greater from the target or outside of audible detection
- X - Land w/in 300m of the target or objective
- Y- land from 300m to 1,000m from the target or objective.
What does NEO stand for?
Non Combatant Evacuation Operations
What is the purpose of a NEO?
Used to assist the State Department in the evacuation of US citizens, DOD civilian personnel, and designated host nation and third-country nationals whose lives are in danger from locations in foreign nations to an appropriate safe haven.
In a NEO what is the ECC?
Evacuation Control Center
What is the guiding principles of the ECC in a NEO?
- All personnel must be accounted for
- Evacuees and the evacuation force are safeguarded from all threats
- Processing must be accomplished quickly and efficiently
NEO environments
- Permissive - No resistance or hostile action that would interfere with the NEO
- Uncertain - host nation government does not have total control of the territory and population
- Hostile - conditions ranging from civil disorder, terrorism, or full-scale combat.
Max number of litters?
Consider Restricting to how many and Why?
- 24
- 16 IOT allow door gunners to have full swing of weapons.
Types of CASEVAC Missions
- Planned
- Immediate
CASEVAC Classifications/Precedence
In order to compensate for projectile characteristics the right gunner must aim ____ and ____ in relation to the target.
Right and slightly above.
In order to compensate for projectile characteristics the Left gunner must aim ____ and ____ in relation to the target.
Left and low
Types of Modulation for EW?
AM - amplitude modification
FM - freq modicitication
Phase modulation - changing the phase without changing the amplitude
Pulse modulation- grouping RF energy into specification pulses.
What are the three types of Radar Categories?
Radars that provide target detection
Radars that provide target location
Radars that provide target engagement
5 gens of MANPADS and characteristics?
- First- Uncooled seekers
- Second - Cooled seekers
- Third - Cooled w/ infrared counter-counter measures(IRCCM)
- Fourth- cooled w/ IRCCM (w/ reprogrammable microprocessor)
- Fifth-true image seeker
Divisions of Electronic Warfare
Electronic Attack
Electronic Protection
Electronic Support
What is Electronic Support?
Collection of radar signals that provide the battlefield commander with a current electronic order of battle.
What is Electronic Protection?
Actions taken to ensure effective use of electromagnetic spectrum despite the enemy’s use of EW
What is Electronic Attack?
Actions taken to prevent or reduce an enemy’s effective use of the EOmag spectrum
5 axioms of survival
Lookout doctrine and threat detection
Threat evaluation
Giving the attack warning
Avoiding detection
Air combat maneuvers
Cargo conveyors (rollers) are designed to sustain a _____ lbs load on a ____.
2,200 lbs; 48inch
The ramp can support _____ lbs of cargo in flight, at the discretion of the HAC.
900 lbs
6 Missions of Assault Support Escorts
- Protection from Enemy Ground Fire
- Route Reconnaissance
- Clear the Landing Zone by Fire
- Support of a Downed Aircraft
- Protection from Fixed Wing Threat
- Protection from Rotary Wing Threat
Basic Assault Support Escort Techniques
- Attached
- Detached
- Combined
What does RRC stand for? and What is it?
- Radar Resolution Cell
- Radar distinguishes target location by breaking the scanned airspace into box-like cells.
- 1 vs 2 a/c in the cell only show up as one target
List the Categories of ADA
- Air Defense Artillery
- Small Arms - up to 12.7mm
- Heavy Machine Gun - 12.7mm to 14.5mm
- Light ADA - 20mm to 25mm
- Medium ADA - 35mm to 40mm
- Heavy ADA - 57mm and above
What 2 types of artificial illumination flares do we use? and Burn time?
- LUU-2 Over: 240 to 300 sec [4 to 5 min]
- LUU-19 IR: 420 to 540 sec [7 to 9 min]
What is the .50 caliber tracer burnout range?
1,100 meters
What are the criteria to launch a TRAP Mission?
- There should be a reasonable certainty that the isolated personnel is alive.
- The location of the personnel, equipment, or aircraft must be known.
Which are bigger fields of fire or sectors of fire? Which are tied to terrain?
- Fields of Fire
- Sectors of fire are tied to terrain
Types of TRAP?
Immediate
Deliberate
What are the 3 types of FARPS?
- Cold
- Assault
- Static
When going into a FARP how far out should you contact MMT or FARP control?
5 nm or designated CP for clearance.
Definition of TERF
Terrain flight (TERF) is the employment of an aircraft in a manner that utilizes terrain, vegetation, and man-made objects to enhance survival by degrading the enemy’s ability to visually, optically, and electronically detect or locate the aircraft.
