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Psychology 306 Exam 3 > 3/9 Lecture > Flashcards

3/9 Lecture Flashcards

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1
Q

Authoritative parenting

A

warm, involved, considers child’s wishes&opinions, set clear standards, in firm, confronts disobedience, high expectations

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2
Q

Authoritarian parenting

A

little warmth, does not ask for child’s opinions, enforces rules, but doesn’t explain, shows displeasure, punitive discipline, views child as “wild”

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3
Q

Permissive

A

moderately warm, glorifies free expressions of impulses and desires, does not set or enforce clear rules, ignore bad behavior, yields to coercion

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4
Q

Uninvolved

A

self-centered, unresponsive, tries to minimize interactions with the child, doesn’t monitor where the child is or whether he/she is safe, may be depressed and needy

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5
Q

Child of Authoritative

A
  • Preschool: energetic and friendly, socially competent
  • Childhood: high cognitive & social competence
  • Adolescence: high self-esteem & academic competence
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6
Q

Child of Authoritarian

A
  • Preschool: conflicted & irritable; fearful & moody
  • Childhood: average cognitive & social competence
  • Adolescence: average academic, more conforming
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7
Q

Child of Permissive

A

Preschool: impulsive & aggressive

  • Childhood: low cognitive & social competence
  • Adolescence: poor self-control, more drug use
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8
Q

Child of Uninvolved

A
  • Preschool: aggressive, noncompliant, moody
  • Childhood: disruptive, poor, classroom performance
  • Adolescence: hostile, selfish, rebellious
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9
Q

Sources of variation in parenting styles

A
  • Quality marriage
  • Parent personality
  • Parent mental health
  • Parent’s own experiences as children
  • Parent genetics
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10
Q

Child themselves in parenting style

A
  • Parent effects model: parent -> child
  • Child effects model: child-> parent
  • Transactional model: child parent
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11
Q

Low socioeconomic status

A

On average:

  • Stress obedience and respect for authority
  • Be more restrictive and authoritarian
  • Reason with their children less frequently
  • Show less warmth
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12
Q

Why low socioeconomic status

A
  • Working more our hours, being more strict
  • Stress for child care qualities
  • Stress for marriage
  • Focus on this strategies with less work
  • Pushing their kids hard to get them have better outcome
  • Kinds of job those SES people have, usually respecting authority; tendency to believe that your kids will have the similar jobs, it is important for your kids to understand how to respect the boss
  • Possibly adaptive: want the kids to stay safe
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13
Q

Asian and Asian-American Parents

A

Chinese parents reported:

  • lower warmth and acceptance
  • more use of physical coercion
  • This kids have more cultural influence believing that’s a form of love so they do well socially and academically
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14
Q

African-American Parents

A

African-American youth

  • Spanking & other power-assertive tactics do not lead to heightened aggression & antisocial conduct
  • “No nonsense” and signs of concern leads to good outcomes
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15
Q

Better childcare is associated with…

A
  • Higher levels of compliance
  • Better sociability and peer relations
  • Better attention regulation
  • Lower rates of negative affect and behavior problems
  • Enhances children’s language, reading and math skills
  • Tend to be attended by middle and upper class kids
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16
Q

Parental vs nonparental care depends on….

A
  • Did parent want to be a caregiver
  • Is the parent a good caregiver
  • Is the nonparental caregiver a good caregiver
17
Q

Abercedarian Project

A
  • In North Carolina
  • Randomly assigned them into high quality child care from age 0-5 years old
  • 18 months: higher scores on mental tests
  • Ages 12-15, the intervention group had higher average scores on mental tests including reading and math from primary grades through middle adolescence
18
Q

Results at 21 years old

A
  • Longer in schooling
  • Graduated from college or university
  • Have first child after high school at 19 years old compared to 17 years old in control group
  • Higher employment
19
Q

Donor Insemination Families

A

DI children vs children with 2 bio parents equal in:

  • Behavioral problems
  • Emotional development
  • Scholastic achievement
  • Peer relations
20
Q

Gay & Lesbian Families

A

Do not support these:

  • No more likely to be homosexual
  • They are as mature and well-adjusted
  • No differences in cognition, emotion, or morality
21
Q

Parents in Divorce

A
  • Custodial mothers can sometimes become edgy, impatient, and insensitive to child’s needs; coercive parenting
  • Noncustodial fathers can be permissive and indulgent
22
Q

Children in Divorce

A
  • In general, tough on kids at all ages
  • In long term, most kids do OK
  • Stable 1-parent home>conflict-ridden 2-parent home
23
Q

Adoption

A
  • Much higher rates of psychological problems
  • externalizing and learning disorders (ADHD, Conduct, Substance)
  • Suicidal behavior, lower cognitive, poorer school performance
  • Depends on country of origin (Korean adoptees in Sweden)
  • Searching for birth parents between 1/3 and 2/3 search for parents; often female search; searchers have more adjustment issues
24
Q

Individualistic cultures

A
  • Encourage influence
  • Influence requires immediate action & increases in arousal
  • Should value high positive arousal states
25
Q

Collectivist cultures

A
  • Encourage adjustment
  • Adjustment requires suspended action & decreases in arousal
  • Should value low positive arousal states
26
Q

Do cultural differences in ideal affect emerge early in life?

A
  • Saw pictures and heard about a child behaving in an excited manner and child behaving in a calm way
  • European American most likely to pick excited activity while Taiwanese children are more likely to pick calm activity
27
Q

Are differences in ideal affect culturally transmitted?

A
  • Identified top storybooks for kids in the U.S. and Taiwan
  • Coded for calm/excited expressions, smile size, and arousal level of activities
  • American have more excited expressions, higher level of arousal, and higher smile width than Taiwanese children
28
Q

Can exposure to storybook content alter ideal affect?

A
  • EA, AA and TC
  • Random assignment to a calm or exciting story condition
  • Show me your ideal playground
  • Which culture group does not matter but which kinds of book that you have read
  • Reading excited content-> Prefer excited activities
29
Q

Self-Concept

A

EA and Chinese

  • Tell us about four personal events
  • # of other vs self recollections
  • European American (Individualistic) are more likely to talk about themselves while Chinese children (Collectivist) are more likely to talk about themselves and others
30
Q

Early Social Cognition

A

1-2 years old

  • Middle class, rural Canada: parents go to work, child care
  • Traditional small-scale community in rural Peru: stay with mum during days
  • Traditional small-scale community in rural India: stay with mum during days
  • No differences in imitation, helping, gaze-following, collaboration, and joint attention

Psychology 306 Exam 3 (11 decks)

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