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Psychology 306 Exam 3 > 2/25 Lecture > Flashcards

2/25 Lecture Flashcards

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1
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

innate; ability to solve new problems, problem solving, abstract reasoning, pattern solving, not learned or less learned

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2
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Applied knowledge, facts, learned

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3
Q

Alfred Binet

A
  • Invented first IQ test

* Public school: some students do not do well

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4
Q

Raven’s matrices

A

Adult IQ test

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5
Q

Wechsier intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)

A
  • Decomposing general intelligence
  • Correlate across different domains
  • Standardized
  • Average score: 100
  • General average IQ of most people: 70-130
  • Mentally retarded: 55-70
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6
Q

Cyril Burt

A
  • Famous psychologist in UK

* interested in inheritance of intelligence and racial differences in intelligence

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7
Q

Leo Kamin

A
  • Professor in Princeton
  • Study about visual world of the piget
  • No role of heredity on intelligence
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8
Q

Race and IQ

A
  • Gene studies: No true that higher African genes with lower IQ
  • Children of servicemen: No difference in IQ of White-Germany or Black-Germany IQ
  • Black-White testing gap: something other than genes explain the reducing gap
  • Social Class: Higher IQ in higher social class
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9
Q

Romanian Orphans

A
  • Outlaw contraception
  • Low of children in institution
  • Extremely low IQ and Extreme environment in orphanage
  • There are genetic and environmental evidences
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10
Q

The Flynn Effect

A
  • People’s IQ score is getting higher as growing older

* The mean is always 100

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11
Q

Explanation of Flynn Effect

A
  • Nutrition
  • Smaller Families: families get invest more on each kid
  • More and Better Schooling: Earlier and longer schooling
  • More stimulation: Romanian Orphans have less things and stimulation
  • Greater Familiarity with Testing
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12
Q

Multiple Intelligences

A

Howard Gardner

  • Linguistic
  • Logical-mathematical
  • Musical
  • Bodily-kinesthetic
  • Spatial
  • Interpersonal (EQ)
  • Intrapersonal (Self)
  • William’’s Syndrome
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13
Q

Criticism of Multiple Intelligences

A
  • They still tend to be coorelated
  • Still tappin g?
  • Very few Alonzos
  • Maybe it’s just skill/practice instead of intelligences
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14
Q

Wisconsin Card Sort Task

A
  • Be able to shift/control
  • Color card game
  • Blue card go to blue box; red card go to red box
  • Once they get it, they change the game
  • Some children do not adapt
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15
Q

Billingualism

A
  • People who speak two languages are better on shifting skill
  • Not innate since kids are not innately bilingual
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16
Q

Marshmallow task

A

*Task designed to examine kids to delay gratification

17
Q

Delay of gratification

A
  • Predictor
  • Children who could delay gratification at age 4: were judged as more intelligent and socially competent 10 years later; had higher SAT scores at age 18
  • Delay of gratification was better predictor of school performance than IQ
18
Q

Marshmallow Follow-up

A
  • Environmental circumstances
  • Reliable environment: 4 times longer to delay gratification
  • Unreliable environment: almost do not delay gratification
  • Rational process: to behave in a long term or short term
19
Q

Longitudinal Studies of Shyness

A
  • 21 months and 31 months
  • About 2/3 of the inhibited kids were later born and about 2/3 of the disinhibited, outgoing kids were first-born
  • Children making comments
  • Inhibited kids take more time to warm up for the filled in spot
  • More of the people are shy at 2, are more likely to be shy at 8
20
Q

New York Longitudinal Study: General Temperament

A
  • Easy: 40% adapt to new experiences, display positive moods, normal eating and sleeping patterns
  • Difficult: 10% emotional, irritable, fussy, cry a lot, irregular eating and sleeping patterns
  • Slow to Warm Up: 15% low activity level and withdraw from new situations and people, adapt to new experiences, but only after repeated exposure
  • Fairly stable across childhood
21
Q

Interaction between Child Temperament and Parenting Style

A
  • Easy babies= better attachment
  • “Squeaky Wheels”: get more parental attention; adaptive
  • Depressed moms have more inhibited kids
  • Some evidence that adopted kids are influenced by maternal anxiety/depression suggesting it is not just genetic

Psychology 306 Exam 3 (11 decks)

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