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PSY 3400 > 3-5 > Flashcards

3-5 Flashcards

1
Q

law of effect

A

responses made to situations accompanied by satisfaction will make the behavior more likely to occur

Thorndike

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2
Q

responses made to situations accompanied by satisfaction will make the behavior more likely to occur

A

law of effect

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3
Q

mechanical strengthening process

A

???

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4
Q

???

A

mechanical strengthening process

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5
Q

Gunthrie and Horton

A

took pictures of the animals in puzzle boxes

behavior varied among each cat, but individual cats focused on one behavior

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6
Q

took pictures of the animals in puzzle boxes

behavior varied among each cat, but individual cats focused on one behavior

A

Gunthrie and Horton

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7
Q

stop-action principle

A

reinforcer stops the action (behavior) and strengthens the association between the situation and the precise behaviors occurring when reinforcement was delivered

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8
Q

reinforcer stops the action (behavior) and strengthens the association between the situation and the precise behaviors occurring when reinforcement was delivered

A

stop-action principle

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9
Q

superstitious behavior

A

behavior that occurs because the reinforcer followed, but the behavior doesn’t cause the reinforcer

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10
Q

behavior that occurs because the reinforcer followed, but the behavior doesn’t cause the reinforcer

A

superstitious behavior

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11
Q

Skinner’s experiment

A

pigeons got grains every 15 seconds regardless of behavior, but over half of the pigeons did behaviors anyway

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12
Q

pigeons got grains every 15 seconds regardless of behavior, but over half of the pigeons did behaviors anyway

A

Skinner’s experiment

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13
Q

staddon and simmelhag

A

thought Skinner’s superstitious behaviors could be interim behaviors innate predisposition to perform when receiving reinforcement was low

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14
Q

thought Skinner’s superstitious behaviors could be interim behaviors innate predisposition to perform when receiving reinforcement was low

A

staddon and simmelhag

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15
Q

interim behaviors

A

e.g. things you do while you wait

EARLY part of the interval

Staddon and Simmelhag

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16
Q

e.g. things you do while you wait

EARLY part of the interval

A

interim behaviors

Staddon and Simmelhag

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17
Q

terminal behaviors

A

increase as time of food delivery approaches, typically occur near the END of the interval

Staddon and Simmelhag

(skinner was looking at at this with superstitious)

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18
Q

increase as time of food delivery approaches, typically occur near the END of the interval

A

terminal behaviors

Staddon and Simmelhag

(skinner was looking at at this with superstitious)

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19
Q

adjunctive behaviors

A

stereotyped behaviors that arise when reinforcer is delivered at regular intervals

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20
Q

stereotyped behaviors that arise when reinforcer is delivered at regular intervals

A

adjunctive behaviors

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21
Q

shaping

A

differential reinforcement of successive approximations towards the target behavior

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22
Q

differential reinforcement of successive approximations towards the target behavior

A

shaping

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23
Q

primary reinforcer

A

reinforcement that is inherent, it doesn’t need to be previously experienced for it to be reinforcing

(unconditioned reinforcer)

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24
Q

reinforcement that is inherent, it doesn’t need to be previously experienced for it to be reinforcing

A

primary reinforcer

unconditioned reinforcer

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25
Q

conditioned reinforcer

A

stimulus strengthens set behaviors through association with the primary reinforcer

(secondary reinforcer)

26
Q

stimulus strengthens set behaviors through association with the primary reinforcer

A

conditioned reinforcer

secondary reinforcer

27
Q

generalized reinforcer

A

associated with a large number of primary reinforcers

28
Q

associated with a large number of primary reinforcers

A

generalized reinforcer

29
Q

percentile schedule

A

response reinforced only if it is “better” than a specified percentage of previous responses
(quantitative)

30
Q

response reinforced only if it is “better” than a specified percentage of previous responses

A

percentile schedule

31
Q

operant conditioning

A

a behavior that is strengthened through reinforcement

Skinner

32
Q

a behavior that is strengthened through reinforcement

A

operant conditioning

Skinner

33
Q

discrete trial procedure

A

operant conditioning

subject makes one response and the experimenter has to reset the puzzle box

34
Q

subject makes one response and the experimenter has to reset the puzzle box

A

discrete trial procedure

operant conditioning

35
Q

free operant procedure

A

subject can make as many responses as they want s long as they’re in the experimental chamber

36
Q

subject can make as many responses as they want s long as they’re in the experimental chamber

A

free operant procedure

37
Q

three term contingency

A

Discriminative stimulus (antecedent) = a stimulus in the presence of which a response will produce a particular consequence

Response (behavior) = the behavior they do

Reinforcement (consequence) = what happens as a result of the behavior

38
Q

extinction

A

gradual decrease in responding as a result of the reinforcer not being given

39
Q

gradual decrease in responding as a result of the reinforcer not being given

A

extinction

40
Q

spontaneous recovery

A

after a while, the behavior occurs again even though there’s no reinforcer

41
Q

after a while, the behavior occurs again even though there’s no reinforcer

A

spontaneous recovery

42
Q

resurgence

A

extinguish one behavior and the first one comes back

e.g. A: left lever gives food
B: left extinguished, right lever gives food
C: extinction of both, rat goes back to pressing left lever

43
Q

extinguish one behavior and the first one comes back

A

resurgence

e.g. A: left lever gives food
B: left extinguished, right lever gives food
C: extinction of both, rat goes back to pressing left lever

44
Q

generalization

A

having similar responses, contexts, and/or reinforcers

45
Q

having similar responses, contexts, and/or reinforcers

A

generalization

46
Q

discrimination

A

having different responses, contexts, and/or reinforcers

47
Q

having different responses, contexts, and/or reinforcers

A

discrimination

48
Q

response chain

A

more than one response required to produce reinforcement

49
Q

more than one response required to produce reinforcement

A

response chain

50
Q

backward chaining

A

last step is the step they do independently and work they’re way backwards until they do the entire behavior independently

51
Q

last step is the step they do independently and work they’re way that way until they do the entire behavior independently

A

backward chaining

52
Q

forward chaining

A

first step is the one they do independently and learn the entire process of behaviors that way until they’re completely independent

53
Q

first step is the one they do independently and learn the entire process of behaviors that way until they’re completely independent

A

forward chaining

54
Q

instinctive drift

A

behavior that shifts with experience away from the reinforced performance to biological behaviors related to the reinforcer

55
Q

behavior that shifts with experience away from the reinforced performance to biological behaviors related to the reinforcer

A

instinctive drift

56
Q

autoshaping

A

when the hopper delivers a reinforcer even if the behavior doesn’t occur. The subject learns that if they press the button they get the reinforcer faster.

doesn’t take as long as hand shaping

57
Q

when the hopper delivers a reinforcer even if the behavior doesn’t occur. The subject learns that if they press the button they get the reinforcer faster.

A

autoshaping

doesn’t take as long as hand shaping

58
Q

behavior systems analysis

A

???

59
Q

???

A

behavior systems analysis

60
Q

reinforcement theory and biological constraints

A

instinctive drift

check textbook for more

61
Q

instinctive drift

check textbook for more

A

reinforcement theory and biological constraints

PSY 3400 (15 decks)

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