2h - transport in humans Flashcards
what are the main functions of the blood?
- transport substances round the body
- part of the immune system (defends against disease)
- distributes heat round the body
- forms scab to stop bleeding out and infection
what are the 4 components of the blood?
- red blood cells
- platelets
- white blood cells
- plasma
what percentage of the blood is plasma?
55%
what percentage of the blood is white blood cells and platelets?
> 1%
what percentage of the blood is red blood cells?
45%
which cells are involved with blood clotting?
- platelets
- clotting factors
- blood cells
- fibrin
what are platelets?
bits of cell broken of larger cells that cause blood to clot when there is damage to a blood vessel
what shape is a red blood cell and why?
biconcave disk to increase surface area to volume ratio
why don’t red blood cells have a nucleus?
so there is more room for oxygen
what does carbon monoxide do?
binds to haemoglobin replacing the oxygen
what does a phagocyte do?
engulf the bacteria and digest it
what do lymphocytes do?
recognise the microbe, produces antibodies these fit the antigens these antigens are then either digested, die or break open
what are memory cells?
they stay in the blood long after the pathogen has been destroyed so that if the same pathogen returns they will recognise it and will respond faster and produce higher quantity’s of antibodies
where do arteries go?
away from the heart
where do veins go?
towards the heart
what is the aorta?
the main artery out of the heart
what is the Vena Cava?
the main vein to the heart
what are the coronary arterys?
they branch from the aorta into the heart
what is the coronary vein?
the vein that goes into the right atrium, from the heart
what is the hepatic artery and hepatic vein?
they run into/out of the liver
what is the renal artery/vein
they run into and out of the kidneys
what is the pulmonary artery/vein
they run into and out of the lungs
where does the carotid vein go?
it goes to the head and brain
where does the jugular vein go?
carry’s blood from the head and brain back to the heart
where is the hepatic portal vein?
between the digestive system and the liver
what is the top left chamber of the heart called?
the left atrium
what is the top right chamber of the heart called?
the right atrium
what is the bottom left chamber of the heart called?
the left ventricle
what is the bottom right chamber of the heart called?
the right ventricle
what is the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle called
the right tricuspid valve
what is the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle called?
the left bicuspid valve
what is the valves going out of the ventricles called?
the semi-lunar valves
what do the valves do?
they open and close to stop the blood flowing back the wrong way
what do vaccines do?
encourage lymphocytes to produce memory cells that respond more rapidly to another infection by the same pathogen
what are arteries walls like?
they have thick elastic walls to resist the pressure of blood
what are capillary walls like?
capillaries have very thin walls so substances like carbon dioxide, oxygen and glucose can pass through
why do veins have a large lumen and valves?
they have a large lumen so blood can flow easily through them
they have valves to prevent backflow
