2c - biological molecules Flashcards
what does a catalyst do?
changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up
what is a enzyme?
biological catalysts that control the rate of metabolic reactions
what requires enzymes?
1- respiration
2- protein synthesis
3- photosynthesis
what affects enzyme function?
-temperature
-ph
-substrate concentration
-enzyme concentration
how does temp affect an enzyme reaction?
as the temperature increases so does the rate of reaction, until it exceeds optimum temperature then the enzyme denatures and the rate of reaction decreases
why does the rate of enzyme reaction increase when the temp increases?
the particles have more kinetic energy increasing the frequency of collisions
if temp increases above optimum temp, how does this affect enzyme function?
the active site will be denatured as the enzyme denatures and the substrate wont fit anymore
describe the affect of ph on the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction
the rate of enzyme reaction is fastest at the optimum ph, if the ph is too high or low the enzyme will work less efficiently and may be denatured
what is an amino acid?
the basic unit of a protein
what are carbohydrates?
simple sugars as well as larger molecules, like starch and glycogen, which consist of simple sugars joined together
what is a fatty acid?
one of the basic units of a lipid, along with glycerol
what is glycerol?
one of the basic units of a lipid, along with fatty acids
what is a lipid?
a large molecule made of 3 fatty acid molecules and 1 glycerol molecule
what are proteins?
large molecules found in tissue they are made of many amino acids
what is a simple sugar?
a basic sugar unit that can join with other sugars ti make large carbohydrates like starch or glycogen
what elements are carbohydrates, lipids and proteins made of?
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen (CHO)
how do you test for glucose?
using Benedict’s reagent, it will turn brick red if glucose is present
how do you test for starch?
using iodine solution, if starch is present it will turn blue-black
how do you test for protein?
using Biuret reagent, it will turn purple if protein is present
how do you test for lipids?
using ethanol and then water, if lipids are present they will from a cloudy white layer
