2D - Ethical and Socio-cultural Issues in Sport Flashcards
Define Sporting Etiquette
A convention or unwritten rule in an activity. Participants are expected to behave when playing sports, it is not an enforceable rule but it is usually observed.
Define Sportsmanship and give an example.
Conforming to the rules, spirit and etiquette of a sport. (Whether you win or lose) e.g. Shaking hands with opponents before and after game.
Define Gamesmanship and give an example.
Attempting to gain an advantage by stretching the rules to their limit. e.g. timewasting - slowing game down on purpose.
Define ‘Contract to Compete’
An unwritten agreement between opponents to follow and abide by unwritten and written rules of the sport.
Define ‘Cheating’
Breaking the rules of the sport to gain an unfair advantage. e.g. Diego Maradona ‘hand of god’ - deliberate hand ball.
What are the positive influences of spectators?
- Creates an energetic atmosphere that inspires and encourages players.
- A source of revenue for club/sport.
- Help increase profile and following of sport.
- Provides a home-field advantage.
What are the negative influences of spectators?
- Increased pressure on players to perform.
- Intimidating atmosphere for players (esp young)
- Cause crowd trouble and hooliganism.
- Can cost a lot of money for police/stewarding to ensure safety of fans.
Define ‘Hooliganism’
In the context of sport is the disorderly, aggressive and often violent behaviour of spectators at sporting events.
Give 4 reasons for the occurrence of hooliganism?
- Rivalries between opposing spectators.
- Media hype increases fan interest, antagonises them and incites bad behaviour.
- Influence of Alcahol/drugs
- Frustration at event: score-line, officials decision, player behaviour on the pitch.
Give 3 strategies to combat hooliganism.
- Fan segregation - keep rival fans apart (escorts by police)
- Earlier kick-off times/Alcohol restrictions
- Increase police numbers at football games/surrounding areas.
What are the negative effects of taking drugs in sport?
- Seen as cheating and unethical behaviour - tarnish reputation of themselves and the sport.
- Clean athletes lose out to cheating.
- Serious side effects and health issues
- If caught, stripped of medals/prize/sponsorship.
Why do performers take drugs in sport?
- To be able to compete with better athletes by enhancing performance.
- Young athletes not understanding what they are doing.
- Level the playing field - others may be taking them.
Name 5 drugs banned by the WADA
- Blood Doping
- Peptide Hormones
- Stimulants
- Diuretics
- Narcotics
Why take stimulants? Negative effects?
- Increase alertness
- Reduce fatigue
Side effects: - High blood pressure
- increase risk of strokes, anxiety and tremors
Why take narcotic analgesics? Negative effects?
Reduce feeling of pain - Hide effects of injury and illness. Side effects: - Respiratory depression - Exhaustion or overtraining - Mask effect of making injury worse
