2A - Sport Psychology Flashcards
(35 cards)
Define a ‘skill’
A skill is an action that can be learnt. Once learnt, a skill is performed efficiently and consistently with a similar outcome every time.
Define ‘ability’
Something you inherit/you are born with and is a relatively stable trait. This means it does not change much during a persons life.
What are the 4 classifications of skills?
- Basic/complex
- Open/closed
- Self-paced/Externally paced
- Gross/Fine movement
What is the difference between a basic and complex skill?
Basic:
- Simple activities, require less co-ordination and concentration, takes less time to learn. (catching/throwing)
Complex:
- Requires greater co-ordination and concentration.
- Performed by more experienced athletes. (Pole vault in gymnastics)
What is the difference between a Open and Closed skill?
Open:
- Environment is always changing (football open play)
Closed:
- Environment does not change, skill is performed in the same way (darts)
What is the difference between a Self-paced and Externally-paced skill?
Self-paced:
- The performer initiates the skill (decides when to start), controlling speed, rate or pace of skill. (Controlled table tennis serve)
Externally-paced:
- Skill is started by an external factor, speed, pace, time of skill execution decided by opponent. (Badminton general play)
What is the difference between a Gross and fine movement skill?
Gross:
- Involves large muscle groups that combine to perform big, strong, powerful movements. (Triple jump phases)
Fine:
- Small precise movements requiring high level of accuracy and co-ordination.
- Use of smaller muscles. (Spin bowler)
What are Physiological factors? Examples?
Factors that affect the body.
- Training, injury, illness, fatigue, diet, use of drugs.
What are Psychological factors? Examples?
Factors that affect the mind.
- Anxiety, tension, motivation, aggression, tedium, arousal, personality.
Why is it important for athletes/coaches to set goals?
- Gives athletes something to strive towards (motivation)
- Helps to focus athlete in training otherwise it would be unfocused and ineffective.
What are performance goals? Can you give examples?
Personal standards to be achieved, compare yourself to past achievements and future aspirations but not to other performers. E.g. Running pb time 100m/scoring 20 goals in football season.
What are outcome goals? Can you give examples?
Focus on the end result of competition, on winning or placing at the end of event/season. E.g. Winning gold medal in 100m/Top scorer of prem.
What are SMART targets?
Specific - To demands of sport, energy systems/muscles used or skills to be developed.
Measurable - Must be able to measure target progress so it needs to be precise and not vague.
Accepted - By both athlete and coach, working towards common goal.
Realistic - Must be possible to complete so it doesn’t harm motivation if unrealistic.
Time-Bound - Covers a set period of time so performer knows when they should achieve it and can focus and effort in training at right time.
Definition of motivation?
The drive or desire to succeed or achieve something. Can be split into two types: Intrinsic and Extrinsic.
What is Intrinsic motivation?
Drive that comes from within. For example:
- Enjoyment
- Becoming better/ Personal bests
What is Extrinsic motivation?
The drive to perform well or win for external rewards. E.g: To win medals, money or fame.
Define ‘arousal’
A physical and mental state of alertness and readiness to perform. Varying from sleepy, lethargic levels to intense excitement or alertness.
What is the ‘Inverted-U Theory’?
The optimal level of arousal is when you are in your best physical and mental state; therefore you have an increased likelihood to perform at your best ability.
When is a higher and low arousal level needed?
Higher - Gross movements need higher levels of alertness for larger movements.
Lower - Fine movements need lower levels to remain calm and retain concentration
What are the stress management techniques for arousal?
- Deep breathing - Slow deep breaths to help breathing return to normal to reduce nerves and decrease in arousal.
- Positive Self-Talk - a cognitive technique that helps re-frame thoughts - turning negatives into positives.
- Mental Rehearsal/Imagery/visualisation - Performer sees themselves perform a skill or an outcome that is successful. Another cognitive technique.
What is a cognitive technique?
Change a way a person thinks to change the way they behave.
What are the two personality types? What suited sports?
Introverts - Quiter, shy, passive, risk assessors, suited to sports with high levels of concentration and precision, individual sports and lower arousal levels. E.g. Golf, Archery
Extroverts- More sociable, outgoing, talkative, active with high levels of enthusiasm. Suited to: Team sports -fast paced, gross movements. E.g. Football/Rugby.
What are the two types of aggression?
Direct aggression - Aimed at other players or opponent, uses physical contact to directly or deliberately hurt opponent. E.g. Punch in boxing.
Indirect aggression - No physical harm, only ‘mental’ harm, intimidating opponent and decrease their confidence, taken out on object to gain advantage. E.g. All blacks hacker/spike in volleyball.
Define ‘Guidance’
A method of conveying information to a performer, can be visual verbal, manual or mechanical.
