1D - Movement Analysis Flashcards
What is the Fulcrum?
The fixed point/axis.
What is the Load?
Weight or resistance the lever must move (from gravity).
What is the Effort?
The force required to move the load (referred to as ‘force’)
What does a 1st class lever look like?
Fulcrum in the middle, load and effort either side.
What does a 2nd class lever look like?
Load in the middle, Effort and fulcrum either side.
What does a 3rd class lever look like?
Effort in the middle, fulcrum and load either side.
Define Mechanical advantage
Measures the efficiency of a lever. This can be high or low.
Define Load arm
The distance from the load to the fulcrum.
What is a high mechanical advantage?
Can move large loads with low effort. Happens when effort arm is longer than load arm.
What is a low mechanical advantage?
Cannot lift heavy loads even with same amount of effort as a 2nd class lever. Happens when load arm is longer than effort arm.
What is the mechanical advantages of 1st, 2nd, 3rd levers?
1st - Have a high M.A if fulcrum is closer to the load. Have low M.A if fulcrum is closer to effort.
2nd - Always have high M.A i.e like a wheelbarrow.
3rd - Always have low M.A but can produce larger range of movement with lower effort.
1 2 3 =
F L E
What is a plane?
An imaginary line that splits the body in two.
What is an Axis?
An imaginary straight line/pole around which the body rotates.
What is the Frontal Plane?
Divides the body into front and back halves-sideways movement. e.g Cartwheel/sidesteps
What is the Transverse plane?
Divides body in half horizontally- Rotational movement e.g 360 degrees spin.
What is the Sagittal Plane?
Runs forwards and backwards and divides body into left and right halves- Forwards and back movement e.g. somersault.
What is the Sagittal Axis?
Runs horizontally through body, back to front through belly- Sideways movement e.g Cartwheel
What is the Transverse Axis?
Runs horizontally throughout the body from left to right through hips- Rotational movement e.g Sommersault.
What is the Longitudinal Axis?
Runs through body, head to toe- Forwards and back movement e.g 360 degree spin.
How can mechanical advantage be worked out?
Mechanical advantage = effort arm ÷ resistance arm
What is a Lever?
A rigid bar that turns around an axis to cause movement.
Define Effort arm
The distance from the effort to the fulcrum.
Example of 1st class lever?
Elbow Extension
Example of 2nd class lever?
Ball of Foot
Example of 3rd class lever?
All other joint systems
