1A- Anatomy- Muscles, Skeleton and joints Flashcards
What are the types of bones? Give examples.
Flat - Often large, protects vital organs e.g cranium/pelvis.
Long - Enable gross (large) movements e.g. femur/humerous
Short - Enable finer (shorter) movements e.g. tarsals/carpals.
Irregular - Specifically shaped to protect e.g. vertabrae/patella.
What are the functions of the skeleton?
Protection - Protects vital organs e.g. cranium protects brain.
Movement - the skeleton allows movement of the body as a whole and its individual parts. When muscles contract, it pulls on bones causing movement.
Support - Supports muscles and organs when the body is in different positions i.e. gymnast doing a somersault.
Shape/structure - Maintain basic shape of body, vital for good posture.
Blood Cell Production - Red and white blood cells produced in bone marrow of ribs, humerus, vertebrae and femur.
Mineral storage- Minerals essential for many major body functions e.g Storage of calcium which makes bones stronger.
What are the articulating bones of the:
- Shoulder
- Elbow
- Hip
- Knee
- Ankle
Shoulder- scapula, clavicle, humerus. Elbow- humerus radius, ulna. Hip- pelvis, femur. Knee- femur, patella, fibula, tibia Ankle- tibia, fibula, talus
What is the definition of a joint?
The place where two bones meet (joints- characterised by amount of movement they allow).
What is a fixed joint?
There is no movement between bones e.g skull/pelvis.
What is a slightly movable joint?
There is limited movement between bones e.g vertebrae.
What is a synovial joint?
Joint allows far greater range of movement. Two types:
a) ball and socket- shoulder, hip.
b) Hinge- Knee, Elbow
What is the function of tendons?
Strong non-elastic cord that connects muscle to bone.
What is the function of ligaments?
Bands of elastic fibre that attach bone to bone (provide stability to the joint).
What is the function of Bursae?
Sac filled with liquid floating inside the joint to reduce friction between tendon and bone.
What is the function of cartillage?
Found at end of bones to act as a buffer and prevent friction of the bones rubbing together.
What is the function of synovial fluid?
Clear and slippery liquid that lubricates the joint and stops bones rubbing together.
What is the function of the synovial membrane?
Lining inside joint capsule that secretes synovial fluid.
What is the function of the joint capsule?
Tissue that stops synovial fluid from leaking from the joint and helps hold the bones together.
Describe the joint action Flexion
Angle of the bone at a joint decreases e.g. knee flexes when preparing to kick a football.