298 Crusades Lecture 22 April 23

Question 1

Louis IX’s crusade of 1248-50

Very briefly

Answer 1

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Question 2

Louis’ crusade a failure
But hastened collapse of Ayyubid rule
Brought the Mameluks to power in Egypt

Answer 2

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Question 3

Jerusalem lost once again in 1244 to the forces of the Khwarazmians, allies of the Sultan al-Salih Ayyub of Egypt. Turkish freebooters driven west by mongols

Jerusalem easily taken
Holy places desecrated

no more Christian control of Jerusalem until December 1917. British army vs Ottomans

Answer 3

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Question 4

Franks in Acre allied with rulers of Damascus and Homs

Crushed.

To observers, more a contest between Saracen vs Saracen

In other words, Franks were peripheral to these larger regional conflicts

Answer 4

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Question 5

Pleas for help as usual

Answer 5

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Question 6

December 1244 Louis IX of France took the cross

After/To cure? severe illness

Without papal authorization

Answer 6

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Question 7

Many many people advised Louis against taking the cross

He ignored them

Answer 7

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Question 8

Within weeks pope Innocent IV sending out crusade summonses

These become twisted in different regions for more local crusade affairs

Answer 8

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Question 9

Louis seems to have devoutly believe in the crusade enterprise

But also using it to create a cult of a holy monarchy

This was a truly French crusade

Answer 9

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Question 10

Egypt the target

Seems that Louis believed God would provide

Otherwise, Eyptian strategy makes little sense

Answer 10

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Question 11

Take Damietta

Sultan at Mansourah, outside Cairo, blocking way to Cairo

Can’t cross the river

Find a ford only for cavalry

Answer 11

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Question 12

Cavalry go.

Goes well, led by brother: Robert of Artois

Too cocky

Slaughter in the city of Mansourah

Answer 12

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Question 13

Rest of army has crossed

Now trapped between river and Egyptian forces of Mansourah

Answer 13

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Question 14

Weeks of stalemate

Resupply difficult as ships blockaded

5 April1350 Louis orders the retreat

Answer 14

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Question 15

Army effectively disintegrates

Louis so sick from dysentery his trousers had to be cut off. Close to death.

Answer 15

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Question 16

Bahriyya Mamluks harried the retreating army.

April 6 the king surrendered

Answer 16

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Question 17

King and his entourage taken in chains to Mansourah

cloak sent to Damascus: governor of Damascus put it on in public

Answer 17

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Question 18

End of April: agreed that the entire Christian army would be ransomed for 400,000 l.t. and the surrender of Damietta

Exchange of prisoners on both sides, going back to 5th crusade

Answer 18

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Question 19

This agreement made with the new sultan, Turan Shah

he needed a quick and neat resolution

The war had demonstrated his reliance on the Bahriyya Mamluks, who were loyal to his late estranged father

Answer 19

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Question 20

Turan Shah trying to assert authority
Rewarded his own Mamluks over the Bahriyya

Angered them

Answer 20

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Question 21

Bahriyya allied with the former sultana, Shajar al-Durr, whose power had diminished when Turan Shah came to the throne

Answer 21

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Question 22

2 May Bahriyya counter-coup

In full view of Christian prisoners: sultan hacked to pieces
heart cut out and shown to Louis

Answer 22

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Question 23

Ayyubid empire destroyed

Answer 23

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Question 24

Agreement with Louis honored

Answer 24

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Question 25

Louis sailed to Acre and remained in Holy Land another 4 years

His crusade a spectacular failure

Answer 25

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Question 26

He had intended Damietta to be a part of his kingdom

So not a bargaining chip

Exchanged for his own release from captivity

Answer 26

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Question 26

Louis wanted conquest, conversion, and settlement

Answer 26

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