298 Crusades Lecture 17 April 2 Flashcards
Crusades need organization
Preaching
Finance
Enlistment
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Preaching
Quality control
Good, effective preachers who recruit the right people
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1170s
Curriculum to train people to give crusade sermons
Tamp down populism and anti-semitism
not guns and glory rhetoric
not nationalistic rhetoric
You horrible sinner. Repentance.
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Stable of preachers
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Circulation of preaching texts.
Bernard of Clairvaux the model
See the first three exerpts on handout.
Writing assignment on this.
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Reflected in crusader rite, which also becomes formalized.
Template
Focused around the crusader vow and ritual
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A bit on vows
Like contracts today
Simple vs Solemn
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Simple: what you mumble to yourself. Personal resolution. If I fail at it, no major ramifications.
Solemn: testimony in court sworn publically and to God. Consequences for failure/breach. Cannot be easily changed after the fact.
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General: everyone expected to take it. EG go to Church every Sunday; universal moral obligation. Do your homework.
Special: intended for select individuals; eg become a priest
..
Voluntary: my choice, no obligation; eg I vow to be a better professor
Necessary: moral requirement, like confession of sin
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Conditional: eg I will go to the gym three times a week, at most guilt if I don’t. I can adjust it, get out of it.
Pure: must be fulfilled. eg. I swear there is only one God
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Crusader Vow
Solemn: public, before God
Special: individual crusader
Voluntary: not something I have to do for penance
Pure: must be fulfilled; cannot resign
You cannot get out of a crusade. Think of Stephen of Blois
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Crusader Rite
Regular mass, ideally conducted by a bishop
Confess sins
Hold vigil
Psalm 91 (vs today Psalm 23 lord is my shepherd)
Bishop blesses him
Holy water sprinkled
Scrip and staff blessed; bestowed
Cross blessed (bib)
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Pilgrimage aspects
Scrip
Staff
Remission of sins
No mention of Jerusalem, holy land, Muslims
What matters is that he’s a repentant sinner
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In Class Writing. Place on chair outside my door.
Read through the three excerpts.
For each one, identify 2 unifying themes.
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