298 Crusades Lecture 11 March 5 Flashcards
Question of what to do with Jerusalem and other lands captured.
Remember, crusaders had repudiated their oath to Alexius
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Pope should rule?
Raymond of Toulouse? Refused. No one should wear a crown in Christ’s city.
Godfrey of Bouillon. Well-liked. No royal title (initially).
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Fighting not over. Fatamid army still approaching.
Victory at Ascalon.
Most crusaders go home.
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Godfrey dies July 18, 1100.
Baldwin of Edessa becomes King Baldwin I of Jerusalem. Until 1118
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Another crusade launched 1101. Crusade of 1101. Final wave of first crusade.
Stephen of Blois.
Soundly defeated.
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Republic of Venice sent over a large fleet. Helped conquer coastal cities. Including Haifa.
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Crusader kingdoms needed people and money. Wanted to control the port cities.
1104 Acre.
Raymond captured Tripoli with Baldwin’s help in 1109.
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Life in the Crusader States
100 by 500 miles
2 to 3 million people
Constant pilgrimage influx. This could lead to friction. Pilgrims tended to engage in violence (bragging rights).
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Life in the Crusader states
Relatively harmonious. One Muslim chronicler says it’s better than under Muslim rule.
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Common to share buildings of worship.
Cultures blending to a degree: Arab architectural elements. (even more so in Spain: vines become Arabic lettering no god but Allah M his prophet)
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Starting around 1120 things begin to go downhill for the crusaders.
New Muslim offenses.
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Call went out for another large-scale crusade.
No one really answers except the Venetians. Build a huge fleet. Doge leads thousands in 1123. Decisively defeat the Egyptian navy.
1124 help crusaders get Tyre.
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Few to no Muslims knew or cared what the crusades were. No interest in Christian motivations or justifications.
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Never any clear, comprehensive call for jihad.
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Not until the 1140s will Muslim leaders begin to forge enough unity to respond to the crusaders.
Zangi/Zengi
Nur ad-Din
Saladin
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