298 Crusades Lecture 11 March 5 Flashcards
Question of what to do with Jerusalem and other lands captured.
Remember, crusaders had repudiated their oath to Alexius
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Pope should rule?
Raymond of Toulouse? Refused. No one should wear a crown in Christ’s city.
Godfrey of Bouillon. Well-liked. No royal title (initially).
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Fighting not over. Fatamid army still approaching.
Victory at Ascalon.
Most crusaders go home.
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Godfrey dies July 18, 1100.
Baldwin of Edessa becomes King Baldwin I of Jerusalem. Until 1118
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Another crusade launched 1101. Crusade of 1101. Final wave of first crusade.
Stephen of Blois.
Soundly defeated.
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Republic of Venice sent over a large fleet. Helped conquer coastal cities. Including Haifa.
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Crusader kingdoms needed people and money. Wanted to control the port cities.
1104 Acre.
Raymond captured Tripoli with Baldwin’s help in 1109.
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Life in the Crusader States
100 by 500 miles
2 to 3 million people
Constant pilgrimage influx. This could lead to friction. Pilgrims tended to engage in violence (bragging rights).
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Life in the Crusader states
Relatively harmonious. One Muslim chronicler says it’s better than under Muslim rule.
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Common to share buildings of worship.
Cultures blending to a degree: Arab architectural elements. (even more so in Spain: vines become Arabic lettering no god but Allah M his prophet)
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Starting around 1120 things begin to go downhill for the crusaders.
New Muslim offenses.
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Call went out for another large-scale crusade.
No one really answers except the Venetians. Build a huge fleet. Doge leads thousands in 1123. Decisively defeat the Egyptian navy.
1124 help crusaders get Tyre.
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Few to no Muslims knew or cared what the crusades were. No interest in Christian motivations or justifications.
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Never any clear, comprehensive call for jihad.
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Not until the 1140s will Muslim leaders begin to forge enough unity to respond to the crusaders.
Zangi/Zengi
Nur ad-Din
Saladin
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Changes and Reforms in Muslim world
Almohads and Almoravids: ethnically Berber.
Frown on adaptation and accomodation. Islam has been polluted.
Need for a revival of jihad.
Invade Spain. Reconquista becomes a crusade.
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Arabs feel they have been marginalized by the Persians. And now the same to the West with the Berbers.
Desire to restore Arabs to their rightful place and with it Islam.
Turks make this difficult.
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Slow effort to unite against the Crusaders (really only successful under Zangi and after).
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