2.9 Transport - CONTINUE

Question 1

Adrenaline

Answer 1

a hormone produced by the adrenal glands in response to fear or stress
increases the heart rate and boosts the delivery of blood to the muscles, flight or fight response

Question 2

Aorta

Answer 2

the main artery that takes oxygenated blood away from the heart

specifically the left ventricle to the rest of the body

Question 3

Artery

Answer 3

type of blood vessel that carries blood under high pressure, away from the heart to the tissues of the body
most arteries carry oxygenated blood apart from the pulmonary artery
arteries have narrow lumen, thick elastic, muscular and outer layers

Question 4

Atria

Answer 4

the two chambers at the top of the heart that receive blood from the veins and pump blood to the ventricles
much thinner walls compared to the ventricles due to the distance the blood has to travel and therefore blood does not need high pressure

Question 5

Blood

Answer 5

a tissue contains red blood cells
white blood cells (phagocytes and lymphocytes)
platelets (involved in clotting)
plasma (carries carbon dioxide, glucose and amino acids)

Question 6

Lymphocyte

Answer 6

a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies that are specific to a pathogen

Question 7

Phagocyte

Answer 7

a type of white blood cell that engulfs pathogens

Question 8

Memory cell

Answer 8

a lymphocyte that can recognise a pathogen previously encountered, either from vaccination or infection, and can produce specific antibodies for that pathogen

Question 9

Plasma

Answer 9

the liquid component of blood that transports waste products like carbon dioxide, urea and heat and useful products like hormones, dissolved nutrients like glucose and amino acids and antibodies

Question 10

Platelets

Answer 10

fragments of cells found in blood that are involved in clotting as when exposed to the air it causes the soluble fibrinogen to change to insoluble fibrin which acts as a net, collecting RBCs, forming a clot

Question 11

Red blood cells

Answer 11

cells found in blood that contains haemoglobin that transports oxygen
they have a biconcave shape to increase surface area so more oxygen can be absorbed
no nucleus and contain haemoglobin so more oxygen can be carried

Question 12

Coronary heart disease

Answer 12

a disease caused by the build-up of fatty deposits inside the coronary arteries (arteries supplying blood to the heart)
causing them to narrow and reduce blood flow to the heart
resulting in less oxygen and glucose to the heart
reducing aerobic and increasing anaerobic respiration
eventually resulting in a heart attack

Question 13

Haemoglobin

Answer 13

red protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen

Question 14

Heart

Answer 14

the organ that pumps blood around the body in the closed, double circulatory system in humans

Question 15

Veins

Answer 15

a blood vessel that carries blood at low pressure back to the heart, often deoxygenated apart from the pulmonary vein
contains a wider lumen
thinner elastic
thinner muscular and outer layers
and contains valves

Question 16

Hepatic artery

Answer 16

artery that supplies the liver with oxygenated blood

Question 17

Hepatic portal vein

Answer 17

carries blood from the intestine to the liver
high in glucose

Question 18

Hepatic vein

Answer 18

vein that carries blood away from the liver back to the heart

Question 19

Pulmonary artery

Answer 19

the artery that takes deoxygenated blood from the heart
specifically the right ventricle to the lungs