2.11 Coordination and response

Question 1

Adrenaline

Answer 1

a hormone produced by the adrenal glands in response to fear or stress
it increases heart rate and boosts the delivery of blood to the muscles, flight or fight response

Question 2

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 2

a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that increases the reabsorption of water in the collecting duct of the kidney

Question 3

auxins

Answer 3

plant hormones that control cell elongation and plant growth

Question 4

Central nervous system

Answer 4

the brain and spinal cord which coordinates the response of effectors

Question 5

Coordination centres

Answer 5

areas of the body like the brain, spinal cord and pancreas that receive and process information from the receptors

Question 6

Effectors

Answer 6

muscles or glands which bring about responses

Question 7

Eye

Answer 7

a sense organ containing photoreceptors in the retina sensitive to light intensities (rods) and colour (cones)

Question 8

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 8

a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovary and stimulates the release of oestrogen

Question 9

Geo/Gravitropism

Answer 9

a plants directional growth in response to gravity controlled by auxin

Question 10

Homeostasis

Answer 10

maintenance of a stable environment in the body

Question 11

Insulin

Answer 11

a hormone secreted by the pancreas when blood sugar glucose concentration is too high, reducing blood glucose concentrations by increasing the uptake of glucose from the blood into the liver

Question 12

Luteinising hormone (LH)

Answer 12

a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates ovulation and the release of progesterone

Question 13

Nerves

Answer 13

cells that link the CNS to sense organs sensory neurones connecting receptors to the CNS
relay neurones connecting sensory neurones to motor neurones in the CNS
motor neurones which connect to effectors

Question 14

Neurotransmitters

Answer 14

chemical that are released at synapses

Question 15

Oestrogen

Answer 15

a female sex hormone released by the ovaries and stimulates the growth of the uterus lining whilst inhibiting the release of FSH

Question 16

Phototropism

Answer 16

a plants directional growth in response to light

Question 17

Progesterone

Answer 17

a hormone produced in the ovaries, specifically by the corpus luteum and the placenta that maintains the uterus lining and inhibits the release of FSH and LH

Question 18

Receptors

Answer 18

cells that detect a stimulus

Question 19

Reflex arc

Answer 19

a rapid and automatic response to a stimulus
pathway of neurones:
stimulus–>receptor–>sensory neurone–>relay neurone–>motor neurone–>effector–>response

Question 20

Stimulus

Answer 20

a change in an organisms internal or external environment that can be detected by receptors

Question 21

Sweating

Answer 21

a secretion of sweat onto the surface of the skin by sweat glands
the evaporation of the water in sweat removes heat energy from the skin, cooling the body down by removing that heat

Question 22

Synapses

Answer 22

a junction between two nerve cells where neurotransmitters are released to diffuse across

Question 23

Target hormone

Answer 23

the organ which a hormone acts upon to produce an effect

Question 24

Testosterone

Answer 24

the main male reproductive hormone, produced by the testes, stimulating sperm production and secondary sexual characteristics

Question 25

Vasocontriction

Answer 25

constriction of blood vessels near the surface of the skin to reduce blood flow near the surface of the skin and therefore reducing the amount of heat that is radiated from the skin

Question 26

Vasodilation

Answer 26

the dilation of blood vessels near the surface of the skin and increasing the amount of blood flowing near the surface of the skin and so increasing the amount of heat that is radiated from the skin