Spaced rep 5B Flashcards
amylase: substrate, product, where is it produced, where acting?
substrate - starch
product - maltose
where produced - salivary glands, pancreas
where acting - mouth, duodenum
pepsin: substrate, product, where is it produced, where acting?
substrate - protein
product - peptide
where produced - stomach wall
where acting - stomach
trypsin/protease: substrate, product, where is it produced, where acting?
substrate - protein
product - amino acids
where produced - pancreas
where acting - duodenum
lipase: substrate, product, where is it produced, where acting?
substrate - lipids / fats
product - fatty acids and glycerol
where produced - pancreas
where acting - duodenum
maltase: substrate, product, where is it produced, where acting?
substrate - maltose
product - glucose
where produced - duodenum wall
where acting - duodenum
Explain the functions of bile in the digestive system
Neutralises stomach acid, providing optimum conditions for the enzymes in the small intestine
Emulsifies lipids, breaking large droplets into smaller droplets. This increases the surface area and allows lipase to digest the lipids more quickly and efficiently
Why is the leaf heated in ethanol?
to dissolve and remove the chlorophyll from the leaf
Explain one safety precaution you should take whilst heating the leaf in ethanol
use a water bath / no naked flames
Because ethanol is highly flammable
Why would you seal a branch of the plant in a bag with soda lime?
to see the effect of removing carbon dioxide on photosynthesis
Why do you place the plant in a cupboard for 72 hours before setting up the experiment?
to destarch the leaf. No photosynthesis will occur, so the leaf will use the starch stores in respiration
What does this experiment tell us about the conditions needed for germination?
oxygen is needed – no growth when oxygen removed
Warmth is needed – no growth at 4°C
Water is needed – no growth with the medium is dry
Light is not needed – growth occurs in the dark
Why are the three conditions needed?
Oxygen – for aerobic respiration
Moisture – to disrupt the seed coat and allow enzymes and substrates to collide
Warmth – to provide optimal conditions for enzymes
Explain how the rate of transpiration is affected by changes in the environment
high humidity decreases rate – because there is a lower water vapour concentration gradient
High temperature increases rate – as the water molecules have more kinetic energy and evaporate more rapidly
High wind speeds increase rate – as the water vapour outside the leaf is blown away, increasing the concentration gradient
High light intensity increases rate – as the stomata open more widely
pupil
A gap that controls the amount of light entering eye
suspensory ligaments
slacken and tighten to control the shape of the lens
