29 - HIPFNER 2 CONTINUATION Flashcards
what is the difference between glucose and galactose and which one is preferred?
enzymes and regulatory proteins of the yeast GAL system
what does GAL4 bind to?
what happens when Gal4, Gal80, or Gal3 are knocked out in cells?
how do Gal80 and Gal3 work?
Gal80 is a transcription co factor and binds to Gal4 activation domain to block activation
Gal3 is the sensor of galactose in cells
by binding galactose and ATP, Gal3 changes structure, which makes it binds to Gal80 and removes it from Gal4 -> induces transcription
what are some special functions of the Gal4 activation domain
what are insulators
by which complexes is the nucleosome remodelled
complexes like Swi/Snf use energy from ATP to reposition or remove single nucleosomes, which exposes binding sites
Swi/Snf is a coactivator, it doesn’t bind DNA itself but gets recruited by enhancer bound transcription factors
what are the amino acids that are present in histone tails and their modifications
the amino ends of the tails protrude and they are rich in arginine, lysine, serine and threonine
the modifications that they undergo are acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination
arginine and lysine: acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination
serine and threonine: phosphorylation
what are the consequences of histone modifications
what are the proteins that modify the histone code
different readers recognise different elements of the histone code
what is the effect of histone acetylation and which enzymes are involved
where does methylation occur and how
which methylation promotes heterochromatin and how
many histone methylation marks are generally associated with gene silencing, and act as signals to recruit specific readers
H3K9me promotes heterochromatin
how is heterochromatin spreading counteracted
what is epigenetics and how does the inheritance work
what does the w (white) gene in drosophila eyes encode for
what are some LOF mutations that lead to unusual phenotypes of eyes
how does position effect variegation work
