12 - THE GENETICS OF NATURAL SELECTION Flashcards
small population and the extinction vortex
what do population genetics models of selection allow us to do
coal burning in britain and the peppered moth
what are the genotypes of the light and dark forms of the peppered moth
what is relative fitness
how can we calculate the genotype frequencies weighted by fitness and how is the average for a population obtained
how can we calculate genotype frequencies after selection by using the model of selection
what is an example of balancing selection that can occur in nature
what is an example of heterozygote advantage as a type of balancing selection
what is the mathematical model for heterozygote advantage
why do deleterious mutations persist even though they should be removed from populations by selection
population fitness = 0.81875
what are selective sweeps
selective sweeps leave behind a trace of past events that have influenced the genome: ghost of selection past
main points of natural selection
what are complex traits
influenced by many genes (example height)
also called quantitative traits
the distribution of phenotypic states is bell curve shaped
what is quantitative genetic variation important for
what are the different types of complex traits
- continuous (suchs as height or running speed)
- threshold (either/or) where there is an environmental and a genetic liability, and when you have both you have the trait (cancer, heart disease)
what is variance
what is phenotypic variance of a trait
what is the multifactorial model for complex trait variation
(for example blood pressure)
can be decomposed into environmental and genetic factors
complex traits main points
