29 - Endemic and Dimorphic Fungi (Klutts)

Question 1

dimorphic fungi

Answer 1

coccidiomycosis
histoplasmosis
blastomycosis
paracoccidiomycosis
penicilliosis marneffi

Question 2

endemic mycoses characteristics

Answer 2

fungi found in nature and soil
primary site of infection is lungs (inhale-lung infection-dissemination)
no human to human transmission
frequently asymptomatic
can infect healthy people

Question 3

2 types of coccidiomycosis

Answer 3

coccidioides immittis (california)
coccidioides posadasii (arizona)

Question 4

coccidiomycosis symptoms

Answer 4

asymptomatic in most

valley fever- fever, chest pain, cough, weight loss, lung lesions (looks like TB)

Question 5

coccidiomycosis diagnosis

Answer 5

culture: alternating barrel shapped arthroconidia
tissue: spherules filled with endospores

Question 6

cocci are a biohazard

Answer 6

very dangerous

let lab know if you are suspecting

Question 7

2 types of histoplasmosis

Answer 7

histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum

histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii

Question 8

reservoir of histoplasmosis

Answer 8

soil, bat, avian habitats

Question 9

pathogenesis of histoplasmosis

Answer 9

inhalation of spores-conversion to budding yeast-phagocytosis by macrophages-infection contained/or dissemination to RES

Question 10

histoplasmosis symptoms

Answer 10

asymptomatic in majority
pulmonary infection - fibrosing mediastinitis**
disseminated infection -to RES (lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow)

Question 11

histoplasmosis diagnosis

Answer 11

histoplasma antigen testing serum or urine (best available test)
yeast cells in tissue (look like acorns in macrophage)

Question 12

african histoplasmosis

Answer 12

histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii
thicker walled
produce giant cells
less pulmonary involvement
skin and bone lesions

Question 13

blastomycosis found where

Answer 13

soil, decaying organic matter, near inland waterways

Question 14

blastomycosis symptoms

Answer 14

asymptomatic in 1/2
pulmonary infection
chronic cutaneous infection
subcutaneous nodule
disseminate to skin or bone

Question 15

blastomycosis diagnosis

Answer 15

broad based budding blasts***

Question 16

paracoccidioidomycosis found where

Answer 16

central, south america anlong rivers

south american blasto

Question 17

paracoccidioidomycosis symptoms

Answer 17

asymptomatic
nodular lesions in lungs
mucocutaneous orolabial and nasal lesion

Question 18

paracoccidioidomycosis diagnosis

Answer 18

budding yeast attached to parent cell by narrow base “pilot wheel”

Question 19

peniciullium marneffei characteristics

Answer 19

fungal infection in HIV patients in SE asia

found in soil and bamboo rats

Question 20

peniciullium marneffei symptoms

Answer 20

inhalation of conidia-no symptoms

AIDS- dissemination to mimic other systemic infections, skin lesions on face/trunk

Question 21

peniciulium marneffei diagnosis

Answer 21

elliptical yeast with fission septae

Question 22

cryptococcus types

Answer 22

c. neoformans var grubii (n. america, serotype a)
c. neoformans var neoformans (europe, d)
c. gattii (pacific NW, california, australia, B and c)

Question 23

cryptococcus found where

Answer 23

in soil and pigeon droppings

Question 24

cryptococcosis symptoms

Answer 24

meningitis **AIDS
pneumonia
cyrptococcoma

Question 25

leading cause of fungal meningitis in AIDS, organ transplant, immunocompetent

Answer 25

cryptococcosis

Question 26

crytococcosis diagnosis

Answer 26

mucoid yeast colonies
capsular polysaccharide antigen detection
cells do not touch each other, capsule looks like halo

Question 27

c. gattii causes

Answer 27

pulmonary diseases in the immunocompetent