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MOHD 4.2 > 28 - Overview and Skin Mycoses (Klutts) > Flashcards

28 - Overview and Skin Mycoses (Klutts) Flashcards

1
Q

fungi characteristics

A

neither plants nor animals
eukaryotic
abundant in nature (air, water, soil)

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2
Q

yeast characteristics

A

unicellular
round
reproduce by budding

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3
Q

mold characteristics

A

multicellular

reproduce and grow by hyphae

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4
Q

dimorphic fungi characteristics

A

exist as either a yeast or mold

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5
Q

structure of fungi

A

polysaccharide capsule
cell wall
cell membrane
cytoplasm

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6
Q

polysaccharide capsule

A

outer layer

antiphagocytic (virulence factor)

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7
Q

cell wall

A

made of chitin, glycan, mannans
antigenic
makes shape, rigidity, strength

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8
Q

cell membrane

A

phospholipid bilayer
made of ergosterol (target for antifungal)
protects cytoplasm

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9
Q

ways to visualize fungi

A

KOH (dissolve human cells)
calcofluor white (bind chitin)
GMS (silver stains)

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10
Q

superficial mycoses characteristics

A

cosmetic problem
no host reaction
easily diagnosed and treated

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11
Q

types of superficial mycoses infections

A

tinea versicolor
tinea nigra
black piedra
white piedra

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12
Q

tinea versicolor

A

pityriasis

superficial chronic infection of stratum corneum

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13
Q

tinea versicolor caused and transmitted by

A

malassezia (furfur or globosa)

human to human

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14
Q

tinea versicolor symptoms

A

hyper/hypo pigmented maculae

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15
Q

tinea versicolor treatment

A

topical therapy

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16
Q

tinea versicolor microscopy

A

spaghetti and meatballs

requires lipid sourced to grow

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17
Q

tinea nigra

A

superficial chronic infection of stratum corneum

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18
Q

tinea nigra caused by

A

hortae wernekii

in tropical areas

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19
Q

tinea nigra symptoms

A

brownish maculae on palms/soles

look like melanoma

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20
Q

diagnosis of tinea nigra

A

dark pigmented septate with elongated budding

21
Q

black piedra

A

fungal infection of hair, hard dark nodules

piedraia hortae

22
Q

white piedra

A

fungal infection of hair, loose white nodules

trichosporon species

23
Q

treatment of black/white piedra

A

antifungal cream, shampoos, shaving

24
Q

ringworm

A

tinea, dermatophytosis

infection of hair, skin, nails caused by dermatophytes (keratinophilic)

25
Q

ringworm named by

A

anatomical location

26
Q 
barbae
corporis
capitis
cruris
pedis
manuum
unguinum
A 
beard
below eyes
above eyes
groin
feet
hands
nails
27
Q

3 genera of dermatophytes

A

microsporum
epidermophyton
trichophyton

28
Q

dermatophytes classified by habitat

A

anthropophilic (humans)
geophilic (soil)
zoophilic (animals)

29
Q

transmission of dermatophytes

A

direct human to human
indirect sharing clothes, combs, towels
zoophilic animals to humans

30
Q

dermatophyte infection symptoms

A

skin-dry, erythematous, scaly, itchy lesion
hair-scarring, alopecia, favus
nails-thickened, deformed

31
Q

favus

A 
variant of tinea capitis
scutula formation (yellow crusts)
32
Q

diagnosis of dermatophytosis

A

clinical appearance
KOH
culture on selective media

33
Q

treatment of dermatophytes

A

topical antifungal

oral therapy for tinea capitis, barbae, and nail infections

34
Q

subcutaneous mycoses characteristics

A

from trauma or implantation
found in soil/vegetation
difficult to treat

35
Q

most common subcutaneous mycoses

A

sporotrichosis
chromoblastomycosis
phaeohyphomycosis
eumycotic mycetoma

36
Q

sporotrichosis characteristics

A

chronic infection involving cutaneous, subcutaneous, and **lymphatic tissue
frequently seen in gardeners
**sporothrix schenkii

37
Q

sporotrichosis symptoms

A

nodule-ulcer-necrotic ulcer-subcutaneous tissue-lymphatic channels-lymph nodes

38
Q

sporotrichosis diagnosis

A 
aspriation of fluid/pus
KOH
Yeast cells in tissue
black cigar shaped yeast
mycelial form rosette clusters of conidia
39
Q

chromoblastomycosis characteristics

A

posttraumatic chronic infection by dematiaceous fungi

found in tropical areas, barefoot

40
Q

chromoblastomycosis symptoms

A

papules-warty nodules-verrucous cauliflower like lesions

41
Q

chromoblastomycosis diagnosis

A

sclerotic body/medlar body

42
Q

phaeohyphomycosis characteristics

A

post traumatic mycotic infection of subcutaneous tissue by dematiaceous fungi

43
Q

phaeohyphomycosis symptoms

A

phaeohyphomycotic cyst

44
Q

phaeohyphomycosis diagnosis

A

pigmented septate hyphal fragments

45
Q

mycetoma characteristics

A

posttraumatic chronic infection of subcutaneous tissue
can extend to fascia, muscle, and tissue
seen in tropical climates

46
Q

causitive agents of mycetoma

A

eumycetoma

actinomycetoma

47
Q

mycetoma symptoms

A

Abscess formation

draining sinuses containing granules

48
Q

treatment of subcutaneous infections

A

surgical excission of lesion

antifungal agents, azoles

MOHD 4.2 (13 decks)

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