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MOHD 4.2 > 18 - Unculturable Bacteria, Spirochetes, and Rickettsia (Schlievert) > Flashcards

18 - Unculturable Bacteria, Spirochetes, and Rickettsia (Schlievert) Flashcards

1
Q

3 categories of spirochetes

A

treponmena (syphilis)
leptospira (leptospirosis)
borrelia (relapsing fever and lyme disease)

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2
Q

3 categories of spirochetes

A

treponmena (syphilis)
leptospira (leptospirosis)
borrelia (relapsing fever and lyme disease)

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3
Q

characteristics of spirochetes

A

long slender rods
related to gram - (LPS like)
endoflagella under sheath

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4
Q

what causes syphilis

A

treponema pallidum

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5
Q

t. pallidum virulence

A

surviving in host following break in skin or mucous membrane

attach to endothelial cells and pass through blood vessels

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6
Q

primary syphilis is disease of what

A

blood vessels and perivascular area

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7
Q

of organisms needed for primary syphilis

A
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8
Q

do primary syphilis lesions resolve

A

yes

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9
Q

do primary syphilis lesions resolve

A

yes

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10
Q

characteristics of spirochetes

A

long slender rods
related to gram - (LPS like)
endoflagella under sheath

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11
Q

what causes syphilis

A

treponema pallidum

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12
Q

t. pallidum virulence

A

surviving in host following break in skin or mucous membrane

attach to endothelial cells and pass through blood vessels

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13
Q

primary syphilis is disease of what

A

blood vessels and perivascular area

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14
Q

of organisms needed for primary syphilis

A
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15
Q

symptoms of primary syphilis

A

non tender chancre forms around infection site
no systemic symptoms
regional lymph node swelling
begins and papule and breaks down to form superficial ulcer
often missed in women

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16
Q

reaction to penicillin G treating treponemes

A

Jarisch Herxheimer reaction 2-12 hours later

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17
Q

secondary syphilis symptoms

A

2-10 weeks later
fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, headache, rash on palms and soles
nephrotic syndrome (nephritis, arthritis, arthralgias)
condylomata lata (wart like)

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18
Q

tertiary syphilis symptoms

A

gumma (non progressive granulomatous lesions of dermal elements)
neruosyphilis (dementia, meningitis, seizures, gummas of spinal cord)
cardiovascular aneurysms

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19
Q

early latent tertiary syphilis

A

first 4 years

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20
Q

late latent tertiary syphilis

A

after first 4 years

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21
Q

congenital syphilis causes what

A 
abortion
late stigmata 
hutchinson teeth (chalky, soft)
sabre shins
mental retardation
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22
Q

tests for treponemes

A

non treponemal agglutination of beef cardiolipin

PCR

23
Q

treatment for treponemes

A

penicillin G
cephalosporins
tetracycline
macrolide

24
Q

what is jarisch herxheimer reaction

A

endotoxin shock like from releasing gram - LPS

headache, fever, malaise, hypotension

25
Q

immunity in untreated syphilis

A

depends on Th1 activating macrophages

only 25% of untreated develop secondary

26
Q

jarisch herxheimer rxn from borrelia?

A

yes

27
Q

relapsing fever signs

A

2 or more episodes of high fever separated by week long periods

28
Q

virulence factors for relapsing fever

A

IgM develops antibodies to membrane proteins

then new antigen variant arise

29
Q

what causes relapsing fever

A

borrelia recurrentis

borrelia hermsii

30
Q

borrelia recurrentis

A

louse borne
epidemic
4-10 days of high fever and hypotension

31
Q

borrelia hermsii

A

tick borne

endemic, occurs frequently

32
Q

diagnosis of b. recurrentis or hermsii

A

blood smears

33
Q

jarisch herxheimer rxn from borrelia?

A

yes

34
Q

what causes lyme disease

A

borrelia burgdorferi

35
Q

borrelia burgdorferi

A

tick borne
migrating erythematous rash
arthritis, mycarditis, neurological disease

36
Q

b. burgdorferi transmitted by

A

deer ticks (ixodes)

37
Q

treatment of b. burgdorferi

A

ABX

cephalosporin, macrolide, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, penicillin

38
Q

what causes rocky mountain spotted fever

A

rickettsia rickettsii

39
Q

SFG immunity

A

depends on neutralizing Ab to rickettsia

long lasting immunity against reinfection

40
Q

vectors of r. rickettsii

A

american dog tick and rocky mountain wood tick

41
Q

where does RMSF occur

A

ozarks and appalachian

42
Q

target of SFG rickettsia

A

endothelial cells-obligate pathogens

43
Q

endothelial injury from rickettsia

A 
vascular permeability
hypovolemia
edema
ischemia
organ damage
44
Q

RMSF symptoms

A

5-10 days later
fever, chills, headache, myalgias
rash begins on hands and feet and moves to trunk
**fever, rash, tick bite

45
Q

treatment of RMSF

A

tetracyclines
chloramphenicols
DO NOT delay

46
Q

SFG immunity

A

depends on neutralizing Ab to rickettsia

long lasting

47
Q

ehrlichia characteristics

A

small gram negative cocci
obligate pathogens of leukocytes
divide to form vacuole bound colonies called morulae

48
Q

human monocytic ehrlichiosis

A

infects mononuclear leukocytes (monocytes and macrophages)

seen in SE and SC USA

49
Q

HME transmitted by

A

dog tick and lone star tick

50
Q

HME natural host

A

deer, dog, goats

51
Q

human granulocytic ehrlichiosis

A

infects granulocytes (neutrophils)

52
Q

HGE transmitted by

A

deer ticks and dog ticks

53
Q

HGE natural host

A

deer, elk, rodents

54
Q

ehrlichia symptoms

A

5-10 day incubation
looks like RMSF but no rash
death due to pneumonia or secondary infections

MOHD 4.2 (13 decks)

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