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MOHD 4.2 > 19 - Mycobacteria and Antimycobacterial Drugs (Schlievert) > Flashcards

19 - Mycobacteria and Antimycobacterial Drugs (Schlievert) Flashcards

1
Q

mycobacterium characteristics

A 
acid fast rods
aerobes
high wax content in cell walls 
resistant to drying
intracellular pathogens of PMN and macrophages
grow slowly
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2
Q

what type of intracellular pathogens are mycobacterium

A

facultative except for M. leprae which is obligate

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3
Q

what causes TB

A

M. tuberculosis and M. bovis

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4
Q

why is there drug resistant TB

A

black market selling of medications and improperly treating themselves

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5
Q

M. tuberculosis transmission

A

droplet infection
human to human
causes TB

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6
Q

M. bovis transmission

A

from milk

causes TB

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7
Q

first granuloma is called what

A

Ghon complex

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8
Q

BCG

A

Bacille Calmette Guerin

attenuated vaccine strain for TB

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9
Q

what type of vaccine is needed for TB

A

live attenuated, not killed because you wont get the Th1 response

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10
Q

M. leprae transmission

A

human to human contact

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11
Q

virulence factors of mycobacterium

A 
wax d
cord factor
tuberculin
mycobactin
sulfoglyco and sulfo lipids
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12
Q

wax d function

A

acid fastness, mycolic acid

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13
Q

cord factor function

A

leukocyte toxicity

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14
Q

tuberculin function

A

delayed hypersensitivity (Th1 activating macrophges), PPD

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15
Q

mycobactin function

A

iron chelator

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16
Q

sulfoglyco and sulfolipid function

A

prevent fusion of phagosome and lysosome

MOST IMPORTANT virulence factor

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17
Q

disease progression of TB

A 
begin with Ghon complex and productive cough
spread systemically (miliary TB) to spleen, kidney, and lymph nodes and millet bodies to liver
return to apical/subapical lungs
tubercules form granulomas with caseating centers
contained or continue to spread
18
Q

delayed hypersensitivity of TB symptoms

A

cough, fever, chronic wasting, night sweats

19
Q

treatment of tb

A

isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide for 2 months

isoniazid, rifampin for 4 months

20
Q

isoniazid targets

A

mycolic acid synthesis (cell wall)

21
Q

rifampin targets

A

RNA synthesis

22
Q

ethambutol targets

A

cell wall

23
Q

pyrazinamide targets

A

membrane, energy metabolism

24
Q

prevention of TB

A 
BCG vaccine
skin testing (Mantoux)
25
Q

side effects of treating TB

A

resistance

hepatitis

26
Q

photochromogens atypical mycobacteria

A

pigmented in light

M. kansasii

27
Q

scotochromogens atypical mycobacteria

A

always pigments but intensify in light

M. scrofulaceum

28
Q

non pigmented atypical mycobacteria

A

m. avium intracellulare

HIV association

29
Q

rapid growers atypical mycobacteria

A

m. fortuitum

hospital associated infection

30
Q

atypical mycobacteria characteristics

A

derived from nature
non contagious
resistant to most anti TB drugs

31
Q

atypical mycobacteria symptoms

A

abcesses and granuloma

32
Q

atypical mycobacteria treatment

A

macrolides

fluoroquinolones

33
Q

M. ulcerans

A

makes non protein toxin that causes buruli ulcer

does not heal, must be surgically removed

34
Q

leprosy spectrum

A

indeterminate
tuberculoid
lepromatous

35
Q

indeterminate leprosy

A

one hypo or hyper pigmented lesion

no nerve sensation loss

36
Q

tuberculoid leprosy

A

pauci bacillary
multiple lesions
peripheral nerve damage and loss of sensation

37
Q

lepromatous leprosy

A

mutli bacillary
no immune response, nerve damage, skin thickening, loss of eyebrows, destruction of nasal septum
localized on surface
blindness
traumatic tissue loss
lots of lepra cells (macrophages full of mycobacteria)

38
Q

lepromatous leprosy patients develop what

A

erythema nodosum leprosum

39
Q

erythema nodosum leprosum is a type of what

A

type 3 hypersensitivity (immune complex disease)

40
Q

diagnosis of leprosy

A

test pain, temp, and touch sensation
rash
acid fast rods on skin

41
Q

leprosy treatment

A

dapsone, rifampin, clofazimine

MOHD 4.2 (13 decks)

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