28. uricosis

Question 1

whats uricosis

Answer 1

a problem in the uric acid metabolism

Question 2

in which species does it occur

Answer 2

birds, reptiles, apes, humans

Question 3

normal plasma uric acid level in birds

Answer 3

0.12-0.36mmol/l

Question 4

from where does uric acid precipitate in birds if the plasma level is too high

Answer 4

the plasma, the lymph, the urine in the kidney and the serous membranes

Question 5

where does uric acid normally precipitate in birds

Answer 5

mucous membranes, serous membranes, interstitium of organs, tubuli of kidneys, subcutaneous tissues, cavity of joints and tendon sheaths

Question 6

effects of uric acid on neighbouring tissues

Answer 6

irritates, necrosis in cells, inflammation in tissues

Question 7

whats a tophus

Answer 7

a foreign body type granuloma

Question 8

how do we demonstrate uric acid

Answer 8

no water based fixation, use absolute ethanol, schultz-schmidt staining

Question 9

what colour is uric acid under schultz-schmidt staining

Answer 9

bright green

Question 10

endogenous causes of uricosis in birds

Answer 10

kidney agenesia, obstruction of ureter

Question 11

exogenous cuases of uricosis in birds

Answer 11

technopathies, vit A deficiency, nephrotoxic compounds, rotten food, viruses, protozoa

Question 12

technopathies that could cause uricosis

Answer 12

lack of water, getting cold

Question 13

whats retention uricosis

Answer 13

a disturbance in the secretion of uric acid due ot renal insufficiency, uric acid will stay in the body

Question 14

how does gout manifest itself in mammals

Answer 14

uric acid precipitation and deposition in the kidneys’ medulla

Question 15

why might we see gout in newborn piglets

Answer 15

uricase enzyme not effective -> infarcts

Question 16

what happens in gout in mammals

Answer 16

metabolites excreted as uric aicd by the kidneys and precipitate - later solved, and washed out if milk and water supply is appropriate

Question 17

other examples of uricosis in mammals

Answer 17

uric acid metabolism of dalmations, primates

Question 18

why are dalmations prone to uricosis

Answer 18

there is uricase in the liver but the uric acid uptake is poor by the hepatocytes - genetic defect, recessive

Question 19

how does gout occur in dalmations mechanism of action

Answer 19

the excess amount of uric acid is excreted form the serum by the kidneys, the secretion works well but in severe tubular damage, gout can occur