26. pathological mucus production

Question 1

mucus appearance

Answer 1

• homogenous
• transparent
• attracts large amounts of water
• jelly like or stringy semi solid or fludic material

Question 2

mucus chemical composition

Answer 2

• glycoproteins

- proteoglycans

Question 3

proteoglycans in mucus

Answer 3

• neutral and acidic glycosaminoglycans, GAGs syn mucopolysaccharides
• proteins attaching to GAGs

Question 4

classification of mucus substances

Answer 4

• according to origin

- according to appearance

Question 5

classification according to origin

Answer 5

• epithelial

- connective tissue

Question 6

classification according to appearance

Answer 6

• intracellular

- extracellular

Question 7

mucus of epithelial origin

Answer 7

• partly from mucous glands

- partly from goblet cells - mainly neutral mucopolysaccharides

Question 8

mucuous of epithelial origin physiological functions

Answer 8

• lubrication
• protection from drying out
• chemical-microbiological barrier
• stomach, GI tract, airways

Question 9

special cases of hypersecretion

Answer 9

• mucin granules
• mucoele
• mucinous cystadenoma
• carcinoma gelatinosum
• COPD/RAO
• as response to infections

Question 10

infections that might cause hypersecretion

Answer 10

• swine dysentery

- mucoid enteropathy, enzootic rabbit enteropathy

Question 11

swine dysentery what is it

Answer 11

• mucohaemorrhagic necrofibrinous colitis and typhlitis c
• mucus of large intestines as strong chemoattractant for the pathogen
• invading mucin droplets in goblet cells
• stimulating cells for mucin oversecretion
• colonises and proliferates in the thickened mucus layer
• later on supf layer necrotises

Question 12

why does it necrotise on the superficial layer

Answer 12

bc of metabolites and toxins produced by pathogen

Question 13

mucin substances of connective tissue origin

Answer 13

• mostly acidic mucopolysaccharides
• hyaluronic acid and chondroitin-sulfate
• bound to proteins

Question 14

normal location of mucin substances of connective tissue origin

Answer 14

• ECM of connective tissue

- subintimal layers of vasculature and heart, ECM of bones and joints

Question 15

where might you find an extra amount of mucoid present

Answer 15

• umbilical cord, whartons jelly
• comb of chicks
• estrous and delivery

Question 16

reasons for increased production of mucin of CT origin

Answer 16

• hypothyrosis
• exogenous hyperestogenism
• mucinosis

Question 17

reasons for decreased degradation of mucin of CT origin

Answer 17

enzymeopathies of genetic origin - mucopolysaccharides

Question 18

explain what happens with hypothyreosis

Answer 18

• relative hyaluronic acid overproduction
• amount of chondroitin sulfate decr
• incr water binding capacity
• decr excretion of NaCL and water
• -> myxoedema

Question 19

explain what happens with exogenous hyperestogenism

Answer 19

• zearlenon toxicosis
• incr proteoglycans in interstitium
• swine» other species

Question 20

what mucinosis

Answer 20

hereditary cutaneous hyaluronosis

Question 21

mucinosis in chinese shar-ei dogs

Answer 21

• skin consists of large amount of mucin

- some breeding lines - extra amount of hyaluronic acid - genetic background

Question 22

macroscopically how does mucinosis look

Answer 22

stringy fluid exudes freely when skin folds punctured

Question 23

microscopically how does mucinosis look

Answer 23

fine acidophilic filaments and granules deforming the normal fialmentou structure of interstitium

Question 24

what are mucopolysaccharidoses

Answer 24

defects of mucopolysaccharide metabolism

Question 25

causes of mucopolysaccharidoses

Answer 25

congenital enzymopathies

Question 26

consequences of mucopolysaccharidoses

Answer 26

accumulation of GAGs or related metabolites - storage disease

Question 27

known mucopolysaccharidoses in animals

Answer 27

• dog, cat and goats

- gross similiarity to human types

Question 28

what myxomatosis

Answer 28

viral disease of rabbit and hare

Question 29

in myxomatosis we get increased focal mucoid production which leads to what

Answer 29

• systemic and local lesions due to viral proliferation
• multifocal nodular proliferation of ECM in the CT
• changed mileu of foci attracts more water