2.8 Lesson for Spanish Level 2

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I already told you a thousand times, walk!

Ya te dije mil veces, ¡camina!

walk (command) - camina

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Walk (vosotros) to your grandmother’s house

Caminad a la casa de vuestra abuela

walk (vosotros, command) - caminad

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Señor Rodríguez, walk please

Señor Rodríguez, camine por favor

walk (ud, command) - camine

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Walk more quickly, all of you

Caminen más rápido, todos Uds.

walk (uds, command) - caminen

“Caminad más rápido, todos ustedes.” in a more informal context.

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Let’s walk to the restaurant

Caminemos al restaurante

walk (let’s) - caminemos

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Conjugate caminar in the positive imperative (i.e. command)

CAMINAR (Imperativo)

Camina (tú)
Camine (ud)
Caminemos (nosotros)
Caminad (vosotros)
Caminen (uds)

Note that there is no first (yo) or third person (él, ellos) in the imperative. All -ar verbs are conjugated like this in the imperative

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Don’t walk around there

No camines por allí

don’t walk - no camines. Note that when negated, the imperative is conjugated differently in the second person

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Don’t walk (vosotros) in the rain!

¡No caminéis en la lluvia!

don’t walk (vosotros) - no caminéis

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Conjugate caminar in the negative imperative (“don’t walk”)

CAMINAR (Imperativo Negativo)

No camines (tú)
No camine (ud)
No caminemos (nosotros)
No caminéis (vosotros)
No caminen (uds)

Note that verbs in the imperative have a different conjugation depending on whether the command is positive (“do this”) versus negative (“don’t do this”)

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Please eat all of that

Por favor come todo eso

eat (command) - come

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Eat (vosotros) all of your vegetables before going out!

¡Comed todas vuestras verduras antes de salir!

eat (vosotros, command) - comed

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Grandma, please eat all of the food

Abuelita, por favor coma toda la comida

eat (ud, command) - coma

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Eat (uds) everything on this plate!

¡Coman todo lo que está en este plato!

eat (uds, command) - coman

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Let’s eat at your parents’ house

Comamos en casa de tus padres

eat (let’s) - comamos

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Conjugate comer in the positive imperative for regular -er verbs

COMER (Imperativo)

Come (tú)
Coma (ud)
Comamos (nosotros)
Comed (vosotros)
Coman (uds)

All regular -er verbs are conjugated this way in the imperative

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Don’t eat this cake

No te comas este pastel

don’t eat - no comas. Note that when negated, the imperative is conjugated differently in the second person

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Don’t eat (vosotros) with your hands

No comáis con las manos

don’t eat (vosotros) - no comáis

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Conjugate comer in the negative imperative (“don’t eat”)

COMER (Imperativo Negativo)

No comas (tú)
No coma (ud)
No comamos (nosotros)
No comáis (vosotros)
No coman (uds)

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Always write what the teacher says!

¡Siempre escribe lo que dice el maestro!

write (command) - escribe

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Write (vosotros) your phone numbers on this paper

Escribid vuestros números de teléfono en este papel

write (vosotros, command) - escribid

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Write (ud) a little every day!

¡Escriba un poco todos los días!

write (ud, command) - escriba

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Write (uds) in this notebook

Escriban en este cuaderno

write (uds, command) - escriban

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Let’s write a book

Escribamos un libro

write (let’s) - escribamos

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Conjugate escribir in the positive imperative for regular -ir verbs

ESCRIBIR (Imperativo)

Escribe (tú)
Escriba (ud)
Escribamos (nosotros)
Escribid (vosotros)
Escriban (uds)

All regular -ir verbs are conjugated this way in the imperative

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# Translate to Spanish. _Don't write_ on this book! It's mine!

¡_No escribas_ en este libro! ¡Es mío! ## Footnote don't write - *no escribas*. Note that when negated, the imperative is conjugated differently in the second person

# Translate to Spanish. _Don't write_ (vosotros) on your new table

_No escribáis_ en vuestra mesa nueva ## Footnote don't write (vosotros) - *no escribáis*

Conjugate *escribir* in the negative imperative ("don't write")

ESCRIBIR (Imperativo Negativo) * No escrib**as** (tú) * No escriba (ud) * No escribamos (nosotros) * No escrib**áis** (vosotros) * No escriban (uds)

# Translate to Spanish. _Say_ what time you will arrive

_Dí_ a qué hora vas a llegar ## Footnote say - *dí*. Note that *decir* is irregular in the informal positive imperative. The most common usage of this command is the phrase "tell me" - *dime*

Conjugate *decir* in the imperative (positive and negative)

DECIR (Imperativo, Positivo y Negativo) * Tú **dí** o no digas * Ud diga o no diga * Nosotros digamos o no digamos * Vosotros decid o no digáis * Uds digan o no digan

# Translate to Spanish. _Do_ what I ask

_Haz_ lo que pido ## Footnote do (command) - *haz*. Note that *hacer* is irregular in the informal positive imperative

Conjugate *hacer* in the imperative (positive and negative)

HACER (Imperativo, Positivo y Negativo) * Tú **haz** o no hagas * Ud haga o no haga * Nosotros hagamos o no hagamos * Vosotros haced o no hagáis * Uds hagan o no hagan

# Translate to Spanish. _Go_ to the supermarket

_Ve_ al supermercado ## Footnote go (command) - *ve*. Note that *ir* is irregular in the informal positive imperative

Conjugate *ir* in the imperative (positive and negative)

IR (Imperativo, Positivo y Negativo) * Tú **ve** o no vayas * Ud vaya o no vaya * Nosotros vayamos o no vayamos * Vosotros **id** o no vayáis * Uds vayan o no vayan

# Translate to Spanish. Let's go

Vamos (o) Vámonos ## Footnote let's go - *vamos/vámonos*

# Translate to Spanish. _Put_ the cups on the table!

¡_Pon_ los vasos en la mesa! ## Footnote put - *pon*. Note that *poner* is irregular in the informal positive imperative

Conjugate *poner* in the imperative (positive and negative)

PONER (Imperativo, Positivo y Negativo) * Tú **pon** o no pongas * Ud ponga o no ponga * Nosotros pongamos o no pongamos * Vosotros **poned** o no pongáis * Uds pongan o no pongan

# Translate to Spanish. _Leave_ my house! I never want to see you again!

¡_Sal_ de mi casa! ¡Nunca quiero volver a verte! ## Footnote leave - *sal*. Note that *salir* is irregular in the second person

Conjugate salir in the imperative (positive and negative)

SALIR (Imperativo, Positivo y Negativo) * Tú **sal** o no salgas * Ud salga o no salga * Nosotros salgamos o no salgamos * Vosotros **salid** o no salgáis * Uds salgan o no salgan

# Translate to Spanish. _Be_ a better student and study more

_Sé_ mejor estudiante y estudia más ## Footnote be - *sé*. Note that *ser* is irregular in the informal positive imperative

Conjugate *ser* in the imperative (positive and negative)

SER (Imperativo, Positivo y Negativo) * Tú **sé** o no seas * Ud sea o no sea * Nosotros seamos o no seamos * Vosotros **sed** o no seáis * Uds sean o no sean

# Translate to Spanish. _Have_ patience!

¡_Ten_ paciencia! ## Footnote have - *ten*. Note that *tener* is irregular in the informal positive imperative

Conjugate *tener* in the imperative (positive and negative)

TENER (Imperativo, Positivo y Negativo) * Tú **ten** o no tengas * Ud tenga o no tenga * Nosotros tengamos o no tengamos * Vosotros **tened** o no tengáis * Uds tengan o no tengan

# Translate to Spanish. _Come_ home right now!

¡_Ven_ a casa ahora! ## Footnote come - *ven*. Note that *venir* is irregular in the second person

Conjugate *venir* in the imperative (positive and negative)

VENIR (Imperativo, Positivo y Negativo) * Tú **ven** o no vengas * Ud venga o no venga * Nosotros vengamos o no vengamos * Vosotros **venid** o no vengáis * Uds vengan o no vengan

# Translate to Spanish. Grandpa, _give_ (ud) me a present!

Abuelito, ¡_déme_ un regalo! ## Footnote give (ud) - *dé*. Note that *dar* is only irregular in the Ud. form

# Translate to Spanish. _Turn_ (ud) right on the next road

_Dé vuelta_ a la derecha en la próxima calle ## Footnote to turn - *dar vuelta*. There are other alternative ways to say "to turn", including *virar*, *doblar*,and *girar*, although *dar vuelta* is most common

# Translate to Spanish. _Turn around_ (ud) right now

_Dé la vuelta_ ahora mismo ## Footnote to turn around - *dar la vuelta*. Note that by inserting the word *la*, we distinguish between *dar vuelta* "to turn" and *dar la vuelta* "to turn around"

# Translate to Spanish. Go (ud) _straight_ and then turn left

Vaya _derecho_ y después dé vuelta a la izquierda ## Footnote straight - *derecho*. Do not confuse this with *derecha*, which means "right"

# Translate to Spanish. Please _speed up_, we need to go faster

Por favor _acelera_, tenemos que ir más rápido ## Footnote to speed up - *acelerar*

# Translate to Spanish. My street will be up there _ahead_

Mi calle va a estar allá _adelante_ ## Footnote ahead - *adelante*

# Translate to Spanish. _Slow down_ the car; my house is right here!

¡_Frena_ el carro, mi casa está aquí ## Footnote to brake / slow down - *frenar*

# Translate to Spanish. _Stop_ here and then follow the truck on that road

_Para_ aquí y después sigue el camión en esa calle ## Footnote to stop (e.g. a car) - *parar*

# Translate to Spanish. _Stop driving_ so fast!

¡_Deja de manejar_ tan rápido! ## Footnote to stop (doing something) - *cesar de, dejar de*

# Translate to Spanish. Call the _taxi cab_, I want to leave now

Llama al _taxi_, ya me quiero ir ## Footnote taxi, cab - *el taxi*

# Translate to Spanish. To get to the _train_ station, go (ud) straight, then turn right on the first street

Para llegar a la estación de _tren_, vaya derecho, y después dé vuelta a la derecha en la primera calle ## Footnote train - *el tren*

# Translate to Spanish. _From now on_ I'm only going to take the train to work

_De ahora en adelante_ sólo voy a tomar el tren al trabajo ## Footnote from now on - *de ahora en adelante*

# Translate to Spanish. The bus _driver_ will stop every three streets

El _conductor_ del autobús va a parar cada tres calles ## Footnote driver - *el conductor, el chofer*

# Translate to Spanish. _Get into_ the truck because we are waiting for you

_Súbete al_ camión porque te estamos esperando ## Footnote to get into (a vehicle) - *subirse a*

# Translate to Spanish. This _airplane_ doesn't stop in Mexico; it goes to Spain

Este _avión_ no para en México; va a España ## Footnote airplane - *el avión*

# Translate to Spanish. The _airport_ is one hour by train or one and half hours by bus

El _aeropuerto_ está a una hora en tren o a una hora y media en autobús ## Footnote airport - *el aeropuerto*. Also note that you can use *a +* amount of time to show how far something is

# Translate to Spanish. These planes only _fly_ from New York to Madrid

Estos aviones sólo _vuelan_ de Nueva York a Madrid ## Footnote to fly - *volar*. Follows the same -*o*- to -*ue*- base change pattern as *mover*

# Translate to Spanish. _Did you leave_ your tickets at home?

¿_Dejaste_ tus boletos en casa? ## Footnote to leave (something) - *dejar*

# Translate to Spanish. _Don't let him_ eat that!

¡_No le dejes_ comer eso! ## Footnote to let (someone) - *dejar*. Note that *dejar* can mean both "to let" and "to leave (something)"

# Translate to Spanish. Stop at _the stop sign_ or I will not let you drive!

¡Para en _el alto_ o no te voy a dejar conducir! ## Footnote stop sign - *el alto*

# Translate to Spanish. The _light_ is green, drive!

El _semáforo_ está en verde, ¡conduce! ## Footnote traffic light - *el semáforo*

# Translate to Spanish. I don't like _driving_ when you tell me how to _drive_ the whole time

No me gusta _manejar_ cuando me dices como _manejar_ todo el tiempo ## Footnote to drive - *manejar*. Note that *manejar* and *conducir* mean the same thing. *Manejar* literally means "to manage"

# Translate to Spanish. It seems to me that this car is too _dangerous_ to drive

Me parece que este carro es demasiado _peligroso_ para manejar ## Footnote dangerous - *peligroso*

# Translate to Spanish. This _city_ seems too big to me

Esta _ciudad_ me parece demasiado grande ## Footnote city - *la ciudad*

# Translate to Spanish. Are you going to study _business_ or art?

¿Vas a estudiar _negocios_ o arte? ## Footnote business - *el negocio*. Note that when refering to "business" as a subject or as an adjective (i.e. "a business man"), you will need to use the plural *negocios*. When speaking of "business" as an establishment (i.e. "his car business"), you will say *negocio*

# Translate to Spanish. The business man has his own _company_

El hombre de negocios tiene su propia _empresa_ ## Footnote company, business - *la empresa*

# Translate to Spanish. Do you have the _capital_ (money) to begin your business?

¿Tienes el _capital_ para empezar tu negocio? ## Footnote capital (money) - *el capital*. Do not confuse this with *la capital*, which means a capital city. Many other nouns can change meaning by changing gender

# Translate to Spanish. What is the _capital_ of Chile?

¿Cuál es la _capital_ de Chile? ## Footnote capital (city) - *la capital*. Do not confuse this with *el capital*, which refers to money

# Translate to Spanish. Barack Obama is the _current_ American president

Barack Obama es el presidente americano _actual_ ## Footnote current (present) - *actual*. Be careful not to confuse the Spanish word *actual* with the English word "actual". They are false cognates

# Translate to Spanish. My best friend used to live on this _corner_

Mi mejor amigo vivía en esta _esquina_ ## Footnote corner - *la esquina*

# Translate to Spanish. You can put your clothes in this _corner_ (nook)

Puedes poner tu ropa en este _rincón_ ## Footnote corner, nook - *rincón*. Note that although *esquina* and *rincón* both translate to "corner", *esquina* refers to an intersection such as one between two roads or two walls, whereas *rincón* refers to a small space like a nook or cranny

# Translate to Spanish. _Actually_, turn (ud) on this corner

_De hecho_, dé vuelta en esta esquina ## Footnote actually, in fact - *de hecho*. Be careful not to use the Spanish word *actualmente* to mean "actually". This is a false cognate. *Actualmente* means "currently"

# Translate to Spanish. The train's _exit_ is at the back of the station

La _salida_ del tren está al fondo de la estación ## Footnote exit - *la salida*. Be careful not to confuse this with the word *éxito*, which means "success"

# Translate to Spanish. It is certain that my business will be very _successful_

Es seguro que mi negocio va a tener mucho _éxito_ ## Footnote to be successful - *tener éxito*. Be careful not to confuse the word *éxito* "success" with the Spanish for "exit", which is *la salida*

# Translate to Spanish. It is a new _highway_ that goes from Mexico City up to Acapulco

Es una _autopista_ nueva que va desde la ciudad de México hasta Acapulco ## Footnote highway - *la autopista, la carretera*. Note that *autopista* tends to describe a large multi-lane highway, while *carretera* usually describes a smaller parkway

# Translate to Spanish. He opened his business and _then_ spent all of his money

Abrió su negocio y _luego_ gastó todo su dinero ## Footnote then, after - *luego*. It is also acceptable to say *entonces*, but using the word *luego* emphasizes that the second action occurred some time after the first

# Translate to Spanish. Go (ud) _toward_ the highway and then turn right

Vaya _hacia_ la carretera y luego dé vuelta a la derecha ## Footnote toward - *hacia*

# Translate to Spanish. There isn't a lot of _light_; I prefer not to drive

No hay mucha _luz_; prefiero no manejar ## Footnote light - *la luz*

# Translate to Spanish. He always drives fast, _which_ worries me

Él siempre maneja rápido, _lo cual_ me preocupa ## Footnote which (neuter) - *lo cual*. Because the idea of him driving fast is abstract, we use the neuter pronoun *lo* here

# Translate to Spanish. This is the road _by which_ we go to school every day

Esta es la calle _por la cual_ vamos a la escuela todos los días ## Footnote by which - *por el cual*. Note that "which" can be translated in Spanish by several different phrases (e.g. *con el cual*, *por el cual*, *para el cual*, *del cual*, etc.)

# Translate to Spanish. Mexico is a _country_ that has some beautiful beaches

México es un _país_ que tiene unas playas hermosas ## Footnote country - *el país*

# Translate to Spanish. There is the _policeman_; ask him for help

Allí está el _policía_; pídele ayuda ## Footnote policeman - *el policía*

# Translate to Spanish. He is a very _corrupt_ police officer; don't talk to him

Es un policía muy _corrupto_; no le hables ## Footnote corrupt - *corrupto*

# Translate to Spanish. In certain countries, the _police force_ is a very corrupt institution

En ciertos países, la _policía_ es una institución muy corrupta ## Footnote police force - *la policía*

# Translate to Spanish. _According to_ the police officer, the station is on the right

_Según_ el policía, la estación está a la derecha ## Footnote according to - *según*

# Translate to Spanish. According to the _map_, you have to make a left at the stop sign

Según el _mapa_, tienes que dar vuelta a la izquierda en el alto ## Footnote map - *el mapa*. Remember that many nouns ending in *-ma*, *-pa*, and *-ta* are masculine, as they are of Greek origin

# Translate to Spanish. Such is _life_

Así es la _vida_ ## Footnote life - *la vida*. Remember that abstract nouns, like "life" must have the definite article in front of them

# Translate to Spanish. How many _animals_ are there in this country?

¿Cuántos _animales_ hay en este país? ## Footnote animal - *el animal*

# Translate to Spanish. _Mankind_ is the most inteligent animal

_El hombre_ es el animal más inteligente ## Footnote mankind - *el hombre*. Note that the use of the definite article el makes the word hombre abstract

2.8 Lesson Flashcards

The imperative verb tense, transportation, and directions