2.1 Lesson

Question 1

Translate to Spanish.

It’s your birthday; let’s go to a restaurant

Answer 1

Es tu cumpleaños; vamos a un restaurante

restaurant - el restaurante

Question 2

Translate to Spanish.

I am going to read the restaurant’s menu

Answer 2

Voy a leer el menú del restaurante

menu - el menú

Question 3

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There’s not much order in my tiny apartment

Answer 3

No hay mucho orden en mi apartamento pequeñito

order (stability, organization) - el orden. Do not confuse this with la orden, which refers to a command or request

Question 4

Translate to Spanish.

I am going to ask for an order of chicken

Answer 4

Voy a pedir una orden de pollo

order (command, request) - la orden. Do not confuse this with el orden, which refers to stability or organization

Question 5

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The waitress is going to go for our food

Answer 5

La mesera va a ir por nuestra comida

waiter, waitress - el mesero, la mesera. In Spain, a waiter is referred to as un camarero

Question 6

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I am going to ask for a pitcher of water

Answer 6

Voy a pedir una jarra de agua

pitcher - la jarra

Question 7

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I am very thirsty; I am going to ask for a glass of water

Answer 7

Tengo mucha sed, voy a pedir un vaso de agua

glass (for drinking) - el vaso

Question 8

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Raquel wants a cup of very hot coffee

Answer 8

Raquel quiere una taza de café muy caliente

cup, mug - la taza

Question 9

Translate to Spanish.

Marcos and I are outside of the restaurant. Where are you?

Answer 9

Marcos y yo estamos afuera del restaurante, ¿Dónde estás tú?

outside - afuera (de)

Question 10

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I am inside the restaurant, next to a tall, blonde woman

Answer 10

Estoy adentro del restaurante, al lado de una mujer alta y rubia

inside - adentro (de)

Question 11

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We are going to a place that I do not know

Answer 11

Vamos a un lugar que no conozco

place - el lugar

Question 12

Translate to Spanish.

Alicia is tall and dark-skinned and is seated next to Ricardo

Answer 12

Alicia es alta y morena y está sentada al lado de Ricardo

seated - sentado. Note that sentado is the past participle of the verb sentarse, a verb which we will learn later on. Also note that past participles agree in number and in gender with the nouns that they describe

Question 13

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We are seated at the back of the restaurant

Answer 13

Estamos sentados al fondo del restaurante

at the back of - al fondo de

Question 14

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Roberto is seated in the back

Answer 14

Roberto está sentado atrás

in back - atrás

Question 15

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Julia? She is behind Natalia

Answer 15

¿Julia? Está detrás de Natalia

behind - detrás de

Question 16

Translate to Spanish.

I have an apple in my hand

Answer 16

Tengo una manzana en la mano

hand - la mano. Note that mano is actually a feminine noun. Also remember that in Spanish, you do not use the possessive when referring to body parts since it is assumed that they already belong to the person in question (e.g. Escribo con la mano not Escribo con mi mano)

Question 17

Translate to Spanish.

She makes the cake by hand

Answer 17

Ella hace el pastel a mano

by hand - a mano

Question 18

Translate to Spanish.

My cousin is seated to my right

Answer 18

Mi primo está sentado a mi derecha

right - derecha. Note that derecha can only mean ‘“right” in terms of directions. You cannot say *Ella es derecha* to mean “She is right”

Question 19

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You are right, Margarita is very pretty

Answer 19

Tienes razón, Margarita es muy bonita

to be right - tener razón. Note that tener razón literally means “to have reason”

Question 20

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He is blond and short and is seated to our right

Answer 20

Es rubio y bajo y está sentado a la derecha de nosotros

on the right of - a la derecha de

Question 21

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I believe in women’s rights

Answer 21

Creo en los derechos de la mujer

rights - los derechos

Question 22

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Antonio does not write with his left hand

Answer 22

Antonio no escribe con la mano izquierda

left - izquierda

Question 23

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My house is on the left of Pepe’s house

Answer 23

Mi casa está a la izquierda de la casa de Pepe

on the left of - a la izquierda de

Question 24

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We write with our left hand because we are left-handed

Answer 24

Escribimos con la mano izquierda porque somos zurdos

left-handed - zurdo

Question 25

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Is your sister on the right side of Guillermo?

Answer 25

¿Está tu hermana a la mano derecha de Guillermo?

on the right/left side/hand - a mano derecha/izquierda

Question 26

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The restaurant is behind the mountain

Answer 26

El restaurante está detrás de la montaña

mountain - la montaña

Question 27

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My grandfather lives beyond the mountains

Answer 27

Mi abuelo vive más allá de las montañas

beyond - más allá de. “The Great Beyond” is often referred to in Spanish as El Más Allá

Question 28

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Do you know if the kids are leaning against the wall?

Answer 28

¿Sabes si los niños están contra la pared?

against - contra

Question 29

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Carlos orders without a menu

Answer 29

Carlos pide sin menú

without - sin

Question 30

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This essay is well-written

Answer 30

Este ensayo está bien escrito

written - escrito. Note that escrito is the past participle of escribir

Question 31

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I am about to go out to eat with my friends

Answer 31

Estoy por salir a comer con mis amigos

to be about to - estar por. Note that in this sense, por indicates that an action is about to happen

Question 32

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I will walk through the streets of Spain

Answer 32

Voy a caminar por las calles de España

through, along, around, by - por. Note that in this sense, por is used to express movement.

Question 33

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We will study for two days

Answer 33

Vamos a estudiar por dos días

for (time, duration) - por. Note that in this sense, por denotes the time or duration of something

Question 34

Translate to Spanish.

ten percent

Answer 34

diez por ciento

per - por. Note that por is sometimes used to indicate “per” as well as velocity, frequency and proportion (i.e. Este cuarto mide cinco por cinco “This room measures five by five”)

Question 35

Translate to Spanish.

Juan works for student rights

Answer 35

Juan trabaja por los derechos de estudiantes

in favor of - por. Note that in this instance, por is used to show support for something, usually a cause or an organization

Question 36

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That book is written by Gabriel García Márquez

Answer 36

Ese libro está escrito por Gabriel García Márquez

by - por. Note that in this example, por introduces the agent of an action after a passive verb

Question 37

Translate to Spanish.

I will travel by car to my grandmother’s house

Answer 37

Voy a viajar por carro a la casa de mi abuela

by (transportation) - por. Note that in this case, por indicates the means of transportation

Question 38

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Thank you for your help

Answer 38

Gracias por tu ayuda

for (gratitude) - por

Question 39

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Fernanda will cook on behalf of my mother, who is sick

Answer 39

Fernanda va a cocinar por mi mamá que está enferma

on behalf of - por. Note that por is used to indicate doing something “on behalf of” someone

Question 40

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Marta does not go out because of the snow

Answer 40

Marta no sale por la nieve

because of - por. Note that por can be used interchangeably with a causa de

Question 41

Translate to Spanish.

It is very cold. That’s why nobody is outside

Answer 41

Hace mucho frío. Por eso nadie está afuera

that’s why, therefore - por eso. Note that por eso literally translates to “because of that”

Question 42

What are the uses of the preposition por?

Answer 42

• to indicate movement (through, along, around, by, about)
• to express time and duration (during, for)
• to indicate velocity, frequency and proportion (per)
• to show support for something (for, in favor of)
• to introduce an agent after a passive verb (by)
• to indicate a means of transportation (by)
• to express gratitude or an apology (for)
• to express cause or reason (because of)
• to do something for someone (on behalf of)

Question 43

Translate to Spanish.

We read this book in order to learn faster

Answer 43

Leemos este libro para aprender mas rápido

in order to, for the purpose of - para. Note that para is used to indicate the purpose of something and often replaces the English word “to”

Question 44

Translate to Spanish.

This book is for you (ud)

Answer 44

Este libro es para usted

directed to - para. Note that in this case, para means “for the benefit of”, “directed to”, “the recipient of” when followed by a noun or a pronoun

Question 45

Translate to Spanish.

This summer Marco will go to Spain

Answer 45

Este verano, Marco va a ir para España

to (direction) - para. Note that although you can use a instead of para, many Spanish-speakers use para when referring more to the journey than the destination

Question 46

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I want this for tomorrow

Answer 46

Quiero esto para mañana

for, by (specific time) - para

Question 47

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For a child, he speaks well

Answer 47

Para un niño, él habla bien

for (contrast) - para. Note how para is used to express a contrast from something that is expected

Question 48

What are the uses of the preposition para?

Answer 48

• to indicate purpose (in order to, for the purpose of)
• to show who is the recipient of something (for, directed to)
• to express direction of a specific place (to)
• to indicate a specific time (for, by)
• to express an unexpected contrast (for)

Question 49

What is the difference between:

• Ella le dio 100 pesos para el pan
• Ella le dio 100 pesos por el pan

Answer 49

• In the first example (para), she gave him money so that he could buy the bread
• In the second example (por), she gave him money in exchange for the bread

Question 50

What is the difference between:

• Andan para el parque
• Andan por el parque

Answer 50

• In the first example (para), they are strolling in the direction of the park
• In the second example (por), they are strolling through the park

Question 51

What is the difference between:

• Él es muy activo para su edad
• Él es muy activo por su edad

Answer 51

• In the first example (para), we are probably talking about an old person who is active in spite of his age
• In the second example (por), we are probably talking about a child who is active because of his age

Question 52

Translate to Spanish.

Why do you study French?

Answer 52

¿Por qué estudias francés?

French - francés

Question 53

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Because it is required

Answer 53

Porque es un requisito

requirement - un requisito

Question 54

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For what purpose do you study Spanish?

Answer 54

¿Para qué estudias español?

for what purpose? - ¿Para qué?

Question 55

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I’m learning Spanish so that I can travel in Spain

Answer 55

Estoy aprendiendo español para poder viajar en España

to travel - viajar

Question 56

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This food is made by my grandmother

Answer 56

Esta comida está hecha por mi abuela

made - hecho. Note that hecho is the past participle of the verb hacer

Question 57

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Marcos will buy a gift for María

i.e. he will give María a gift

Answer 57

Marcos va a comprar un regalo para María

present, gift - el regalo

Question 58

Translate to Spanish.

Marcos will buy a television for María

i.e. María is unable to buy it, so he will do it for her

Answer 58

Marcos va a comprar una televisión por María

television - la televisión, el televisor, la tele. Note that t**elevisor literally means “television set”, but in some countries televisión or la tele is used for both the appliance and the programs

Question 59

Translate to Spanish.

We are going to watch TV tomorrow

Answer 59

Vamos a mirar la tele mañana

to watch - mirar. In some countries, they say ver (“to see”) when referring to watching television