2.6 issues and debates (cognitive) Flashcards
what are the BPS guidelines for ethics?
- respect
- integrity
- competence
- responsibility
what is respect?
- psychologists have to value the dignity of all people of all backgrounds and their privacy must be respected
- informed consent and right to withdraw must be followed
what is integrity?
psychologists should be honest and accurate in all research, including when results are published
what is competence?
psychologists should be fully able to carry out the work assigned to them and have awareness of their ability and work within them
what is responsibility?
psychologists must ensure any research does not damage the reputation of psychology and participants are protected from harm and debriefed at the end
what’s nature?
behaviours which occur due to innate factors, so all behaviour is hardwired
what is nurture?
behaviours which have occurred due to the environment
what’s a cognitive psych study that favours nurture?
- Bartlett
- states we reconstruct memories everytime we recall them
- suggests we fill in gaps in our memory using schemas
- we all have different experiences and so schemas are determined by environment — nurture
- e.g when British ppl changed canoe into boat
what’s a cognitive psych study that favours nature?
- MSM
- states we all innately have a sensory, STM and LTM store
- the ability to encode, store and retrieve memories is nature
- baddeley found STM is acoustic and LTM is semantic
what’s a cognitive psych study that shows ethics?
- baddeley
- kept participants info private
- recalling a list of 10 words isn’t harmful physically or psychologically
what’s a cognitive psych study where ethics wasn’t followed?
- HM
- we know his name and face which breaches privacy
- no consent given by him
what are some features of science that makes a topic scientific?
- empiricism
- hypothesis testing
- use of controls
- reliability
what’s reliability?
the extent that a study’s findings could be replicated
what’s empiricism?
research should be based directly on observable behaviour so effect is measured
what’s hypothesis testing?
testing theories using clear predictions that can be accepted or rejected
what’s use of controls?
experimental controls should limit the effect of extraneous variables, leading to a better cause effect rs
what’s a cognitive psych study that shows it’s a science?
- bartlett
- british ppt remembered an american ghost story
- changed memory based on their schemas e.g canoe -> boat
- null hypothesis was ppt will recall story as well as the og story
- therefore, cognitive psych has hypothesis testing so its scientific
what’s a cognitive psych study that shows it’s not scientific?
- HM
- cannot be easily replicated as it’s a unique brain case study
- therefore, it’s not scientific
what is AO1 for social control in cognitive psych?
- research into how memory functions can be used as a form of social control, eg how to maximise amount of info others learn
- understanding brain damage to areas of brain might impair memory, with clinicians having power over brain damaged patients
what’s two cognitive psych study that shows social control?
- baddeley
- found that LTM codes semantically
- teachers can use this as a positive way of social control to teach students
- police officers
- may lead witness of crime to remember events differently by asking diff questions
- therefore makes it hard to remember properly and police controlled their memory
