252 Pharmacology - Substance Misuse Flashcards
Define addiction.
Strong psychological or physical dependence on a drug or other psychoactive substance, usually resulting from habitual use, that is beyond normal voluntary control.
Define amphetamine.
A class of stimulant drugs that includes amphetamine sulphate and all of its drug derivatives.
What is detoxification?
A process of eliminating a toxic substance from the body; a medically supervised program for alcohol or opioid addiction.
What is habituation?
Development of tolerance to a substance following prolonged medical use but without psychological or physical dependence (addiction).
Define illicit drug use/
The use of a drug or substance in a way that it is not intended to be used or that is not legally approved for human administration.
What is intoxication?
Stimulation, excitement, or stupefaction produced by a chemical substance.
What is Korsakoff’s psychosis?
A syndrome of amnesia with confabulation (making up of stories) associated with chronic alcohol misuse; it often occurs together with Wernicke’s encephalopathy.
What is narcolepsy?
A sleep disorder characterized by sleeping during the day, disrupted night-time sleep, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hallucinations.
Define opioid analgesics.
Synthetic pain-relieving substances that were originally derived from the opium poppy. Naturally occurring opium derivatives are called opiates.
What is physical dependence?
A condition characterized by physiological reliance on a substance, usually indicated by tolerance to the effects of the substance and development of withdrawal symptoms when use of the substance is terminated.
What are psychoactive properties?
Drug properties that affect mood, behaviour, cognitive processes, and mental status.
What is psychological dependence?
A pattern of compulsive use of opioids or any other addictive substance characterized by a continuous craving for the substance and the need to use it for effects other than pain relief (also called addiction).
What are raves?
All-night parties that typically involve dancing, drinking, and the use of illicit drugs.
What are roofies?
Pills that are classified as benzodiazepines; gained popularity as a recreational drug; chemically known as flunitrazepam.
Define substance misuse.
The use of a mood- or behaviour-altering substance in a maladaptive manner that often compromises health, safety, and social and occupational functioning and causes legal problems.
