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RD Polytechnic Year 2 Semester 2 > 237 Midterm to Final Study Cards > Flashcards

237 Midterm to Final Study Cards Flashcards

1
Q

Define pain.

A

vAn unpleasant sensory and emotional experience with actual or potential tissue damagev

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2
Q

What is the most common reason for seeking health care?

A

Pain

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3
Q

Common disorder marked by backflow of gastric or duodenal contents into the esophagus that causes troublesome symptoms and/or mucosal injury to the esophagus.

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

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4
Q

What other conditions do patients with GERD often have?

A
  • IBS
  • Obstructive airway disorders (asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis)
  • Barrett’s Esophagus
  • Peptic ulcer disease
  • Angina
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5
Q

Why might GERD occur?

A
  • incompetent lower esophageal sphincter
  • pyloric stenosis
  • hiatal hernia
  • motility disorder
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6
Q

What is GERD associated with?

A
  • tobacco use
  • coffee drinking
  • alcohol consumption
  • H. pylori infection
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7
Q

What is the most common cause of cardiovascular disease in Canada?

A

atherosclerosis

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8
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

An abnormal accumulation of lipid, or fatty, substances and fibrous tissue in the lining of arterial blood vessel walls.

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9
Q

Define dysrhythmias.

A

Disorders of the formation or conduction (or both) of the electrical impulses within the heart

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10
Q

What three things can dysrhythmias cause disturbances of?

A
  • Rate
  • Rhythm
  • Both rate and rhythm
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11
Q

What is an important aspect of effective pain management?

A

establishing a trusting relationship with the patient and family.

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12
Q

What is included in the Knowledge needed by a nurse regarding pain?

A
  • Physiology of pain
  • Factors that potentially increase or decrease responses to pain
  • Pathophysiology of conditions that can cause pain
  • Awareness of biases affecting pain assessment and treatment
  • Cultural variations in how pain is expressed
  • Knowledge of non-verbal communication
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13
Q

What is involved in the Experience of the nurse to address pain?

A
  • Caring for patients with acute, chronic, and cancer pain
  • Caring for patients who experienced pain as a result of health care therapy
  • Personal experience with pain
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14
Q

What is included in the nursing assessment of pain?

A
  • Determine the patient’s perspective of pain including history of pain; its meaning; and physical, social and emotional effects
  • Measure objectively the characteristics of the patient’s pain
  • Review potential factors affecting the patient’s pain
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15
Q

What are the Qualities involved in proper nursing care of pain?

A
  • Persevere in exploring causes and possible solutions for chronic pain
  • Display confidence when assessing pain to relieve the patient’s anxiety
  • Display integrity and fairness to prevent prejudice from affecting assessment
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16
Q

What is considered the most reliable indicator of pain?

A

A patient’s self-report of pain is considered the gold standard

17
Q

What are some contributing symptoms to pain?

A

Symptoms such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, nausea, anorexia, sleep disruption, spiritual distress, or guilt may increase suffering and aggravate pain

18
Q

What are some consequences of unrelieved acute pain?

A

Unrelieved acute pain prolongs hospital stays, delays healing, and may lead to chronic pain.

19
Q

What are some behavioural and non-verbal indicators of pain?

A
  • assess verbalization, vocal response, facial and body movements, and social interaction
  • Grimacing, moaning, crying, inability to settle and rest, poor appetite, and negative emotions such as anger, fear, and anxiety are cues that the patient may be experiencing pain
  • patient may exhibit behaviours when in pain that may not be an intuitive pain behaviour; hence, it is important to consult with the parents or caregivers to ascertain typical pain behaviours for that patient
20
Q

What are examples of vocalizations that may indicate pain?

A

Moaning Crying Gasping Grunting

21
Q

What are examples of facial expressions that may indicate pain?

A
  • Grimacing
  • Clenched teeth
  • Wrinkled forehead
  • Tightly closed or widely opened eyes
  • Lip biting
22
Q

What body movements may be indications that a patient is in pain?

A
  • Restlessness
  • Immobilization
  • Muscle tension
  • Increased hand and finger movements
  • Pacing activities
  • Rhythmic or rubbing motions
  • Protective movement of body parts
23
Q

What social interactions may indicate a patient is in pain?

A
  • Avoidance of conversation
  • Focused only on activities for pain relief
  • Avoidance of social contacts Reduced attention span
  • Withdrawn
  • Despondent—failure to interact purposefully and meaningfully with immediate environment
24
Q

What is one of the primary goals of pain management?

A

The primary goal of pain management should be to improve the patient’s function. Pain can also affect sleep, and impaired sleep can increase pain.

RD Polytechnic Year 2 Semester 2 (25 decks)

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