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RD Polytechnic Year 2 Semester 2 > 252 Pharmacology - Consolidated List of Drugs > Flashcards

252 Pharmacology - Consolidated List of Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Erythropoiesis-stimulating drugs (2)

A
  • epoetin alfa
  • darbepoetin

(Chapter 55: anemia drugs)

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2
Q

Oral iron (3)

A
  • ferrous fumarate
  • ferrous gluconate
  • ferrous sulphate
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3
Q

Parenteral iron (3)

A
  • iron dextran
  • iron sucrose
  • ferric gluconate
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4
Q

Drug for pernicious anemia.

A

Cyanocobalamin

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5
Q

Anticholinergic drug, antiemetic

A

scopolamine

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6
Q

antihistamine drug, H1 receptor blocker, antiemetic/antinausea

A
  • diphenhydrinate (Gravol)
  • diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
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7
Q

antidopaminergic drug, antiemetic/antinausea

A

prochlorperazine

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8
Q

Neurokinin receptor antagonist, antiemetic/antinausea

A

aprepitant

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9
Q

prokinetic drug, antiemetic/antinausea

A

metoclopramide

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10
Q

Serotonin blocker, antiemetic/antinausea

A

odansetron (Zofran)

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11
Q

Tetrahydrocannabinoid, antiemetic/antinausea

A

medical marijuana

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12
Q

Miscellaneous antinausea drugs

A
  • Doxylamine succinate
  • Pyridoxine hydrochloride
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13
Q

Herbal product, antinausea

A

ginger

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14
Q

Non-HIV antivirals (6)

A
  • amantadine hydrochloride (only against influenza A)
  • acyclovir (suppresses replication of HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV)
  • ganciclovir hydrochloride (treats infections caused by CMV - cytomegalovirus)
  • oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) (prophylactic and active for influenza A & B)
  • zanamivir (ONLY for active)
  • Ribavirin (treatment of Hep C and hospitalized infants with RSV)
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15
Q

List the classes of antiretrovirals (6)

A
  • nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
  • non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)
  • protease inhibitors
  • fusion inhibitors
  • entry inhibitor-CCR5
  • Integrase inhibitor
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16
Q

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) (4)

A
  • zidovudine
  • didanosine
  • lamivudine
  • tenofir
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17
Q

Protease inhibitor (1)

A

indinavir sulphate

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18
Q

fusion inhibitor

A

enfuvirtide

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19
Q

entry inhibitor-CCR5

A

maraviroc

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20
Q

integrase inhibitors

A

raltegravir potassium

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21
Q

Crystalloids (7)

A
  • Normal saline: 0.9% sodium chloride (isotonic); 0.45% is hypotonic
  • 3.3% dextrose and 0.3% NS (two thirds and one third)(isotonic)
  • Hypertonic saline (3% sodium chloride)
  • Lactated Ringer’s solution (isotonic)
  • Dextrose 5% in water (D5W)(isotonic)
  • D5W and 0.45% NS (hypertonic)
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22
Q

Colloids

A
  • Albumin 5% and 25% (from human donors)
  • Dextran 40 or 70 (available in sodium chloride and 5% dextrose)
  • Hetastarch (synthetic)
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23
Q

List the treatments for hyperkalemia.

A
  • IV sodium bicarbonate
  • Sodium polystyrene sulphonate (Kayexalate)
  • Hemodialysis
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24
Q

List the treatments for sodium depletion.

A
  • Oral sodium chloride
  • IV NS or Lactated Ringer’s solution
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25
Q

What is involved in triple therapy for H. pylori treatment?

A
  • 7-14 day course of proton pump inhibitor and the antibiotics clarithromycin and either amoxicillin or metronidazole
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26
Q

What is included in the quadruple therapy for H. pylori?

A
  • PPI
  • bismuth subsalicylate
  • tetracycline
  • metronidazole
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27
Q

List the various antacids and antiflatulents (7)

A
  • simethicone
  • magnesium (avoid in pts with renal failure)
  • calcium
  • sodium bicarbonate
  • aluminum hydroxide
  • combo aluminum and magnesium
  • magnesium and mineral oil
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28
Q

List 2 H2 receptor antagonists

A
  • ranitidine
  • famotidine
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29
Q

List 3 proton pump inhibitors

A
  • lansoprazole
  • omeprazole
  • pantoprazole
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30
Q

List 2 cytoprotective, miscellaneous acid-controlling drugs

A
  • sucralfate
  • misoprostol
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31
Q

What are the classifications of antifungals?

A
  • Triazoles
  • Imidazoles
  • Polyenes
  • Echinocandins
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32
Q

List 2 triazole antifungals.

A
  • fluconazole
  • voriconazole
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33
Q

List 1 echinocandin.

A

Caspofungin

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34
Q

List 1 imidazole.

A

ketoconazole

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35
Q

List 2 polyenes

A

amphotericin B, nystatin

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36
Q

List the 4 first-line antitubercular drugs.

A
  • rifampin
  • isoniazid
  • pyrazinamide
  • ethambutol
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37
Q

List second line drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis (3).

A
  • amikacin sulphate
  • levofloxacin hemihydrate
  • moxifloxacin hydrochloride
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38
Q

List two other tuberculosis-related injections.

A
  • purified protein derivative (PPD)(Mantoux) - this is a diagnostic injection
  • Bacille Calmette-Guerin
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39
Q

What drug classifications are included in sedative-hypnotics?

A
  • barbiturates
  • benzodiazepines
  • non-benzodiazepines
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40
Q

List three benzodiazepines and their length of action (e.g., short, intermediate, long).

A
  • diazepam (long-acting)
  • lorazepam (intermediate-acting)
  • midazolam (short-acting)
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41
Q

Name one non-benzo sedative-hypnotic,

A

zopiclone (short-acting, benzodiazepine-like drug)

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42
Q

List one barbiturate

A

phenobarbital (Long-acting)

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43
Q

List 3 OTC hypnotics.

A
  • doxylamine succinate (Unisom-2)
  • diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Sleep - Eze)
  • acetaminophen/diphenhydramine (Extra Strength Tylenol/Nighttime)
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44
Q

List 2 muscle relaxants.

A
  • baclofen
  • cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride
45
Q

What drug classes (3) are associated with ADHD and narcolepsy?

A
  • amphetamines
  • nonamphetamine stimulants
  • Nonstimulant drugs
46
Q

List 2 amphetamine drugs.

A
  • methylphenidate (Ritalin)
  • amphetamine aspartate (Adderall)
47
Q

List one nonamphetamine stimulant.

48
Q

name one nonstimulant drug for ADHD and narcolepsy.

A

atomoxetine

49
Q

List one anorexiant

50
Q

What class of drugs are used for migraines and name one.

A

serotonin agonists (also called triptans)

sumatriptan (Imitrex)

51
Q

List one analeptic.

52
Q

List three anxiolytic drugs

A
  • alprazolam
  • diazepam
  • lorazepam
53
Q

List three mood-stabilizing drugs.

A
  • lithium carbonate
  • lithium citrate
  • benzodiazepines and antipsychotic drugs may be used in combo with lithium
54
Q

What are two first generation antidepressants?

A
  • tricyclics
  • MAOIs
55
Q

What are two classes of second generation antidepressants?

A
  • SSRI
  • Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
56
Q

List one tricyclic antidepressant.

A

amitryptyline (also used to treat insomnia and neuropathic pain)

57
Q

what drug class does buproprion belong to?

A

second generation antidepressant (also used to treat smoking cessation)

58
Q

List one SNRI

A

duloxetine hydrochloride (Cymbalta)

59
Q

List one SRRI

A

fluoxetine (Prozac)

60
Q

What is a first generation antipsychotic?

A

phonethiazines (haloperidol)

61
Q

List two atypical antipsychotics

A
  • clozapine
  • resperidone
62
Q

What herbal product is sometimes used for mental health?

A

St. John’s Wort

63
Q

What are five classes of substances that are commonly misused?

A
  • opioids
  • stimulants
  • depressants
  • alcohol
  • nicotine
64
Q

What three drugs are used for opioid drug withdrawal?

A
  • naltrexone
  • methylnaltrexone bromide (injectable form of naltrexone)
  • naloxone (for overdose)
65
Q

What class do amphetamines, cocaine, methamphetamine, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine belong to?

A

stimulants

66
Q

What are four substances misused that fall into the depressant class of drugs?

A
  • benzodiazepines
  • barbiturates
  • marihuana
  • flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) - not legally available in Canada)
67
Q

What benzodiazepine is commonly given as part of an alcohol withdrawal protocol?

68
Q

What are some options for nicotine withdrawal treatment?

A
  • nicotine transdermal system (patch); more effective than gum, but may cause rash)
  • Nicotine polacrilex (gum)
  • inhalers
  • nasal spray
  • buprprion hydrochloride
  • Varenicline tartrate
69
Q

What drug class does diclofenac sodium, indomethacin sulindac, and ketorolac belong to?

A

acetic acid derivatives

70
Q

What class of drug is celecoxib?

A

COX-2 inhibitors

71
Q

What are the different classes of anti-inflammatory drugs?

A
  • Salicylates
  • Acetic acid derivatives
  • COX-2 inhibitors
  • Enolic acid derivatives
  • Propionic acid derivatives
  • Other - misoprostol
72
Q

What class of drugs do ibuprofen and naproxen belong to?

A

propionic acid derivatives

73
Q

List three antigout drugs.

A
  • allopurinol
  • colchicine
  • probenecid
74
Q

What two herbal products may be used as anti-inflammatories?

A

glucosamine and chondroitin

75
Q

What class of drug des hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, and prednisolone belong to?

A

glucocorticoids

76
Q

What drug class does fludrocortisone 21-acetate belong to?

A

mineralcorticoids

77
Q

What drug class does ketoconazole belong to?

A

adrenal steroid inhibitor

78
Q

What are the 6 classes of diuretics?

A
  • carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
  • loop diuretics
  • osmotic diuretics
  • potassium-sparing diuretics (aka aldosterone inhibiting diuretics)
  • thiazide diuretics
  • thiazide-like diuretics
79
Q

What kind of diuretic is acetazolamide?

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

80
Q

What kind of diuretic is is furosemide?

81
Q

What kind of diuretic is mannitol?

A

osmotic diuretic

82
Q

What kind of diuretic is spironolactone?

A

potassium-sparing

83
Q

What type of diuretic is hydrochlorothizide?

84
Q

What are 3 classes of antianginal drugs?

A
  • nitrates and nitrites
  • beta blockers
  • calcium channel blockers
85
Q

Which two calcium channels blockers may be used to treat angina?

A

amlodipine and diltiazem

86
Q

What two beta blockers may be used to treat angina?

A

atenolol and metoprolol

87
Q

What routes may be used for the administration of nitroglycerine that bypass the liver and the first pass effect?

A
  • IV solutions
  • transdermal patches
  • translingual sprays
88
Q

What classes of drugs may be used to treat heart failure?

A
  • ACE-inhibitors
  • Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
  • Beta clockers
  • Aldosterone antagonists
  • Miscellaneous (dobutamine hydrochloride)
  • Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (inodilators = inotropics and dilators)
  • Cardiac glycosides (beware of bran, ginseng, hawthorn, licorice, St. John’s wort)
    • Digoxin
89
Q

What drug class does lisinopril belong to?

A

ACE-inhibitors

90
Q

What drug class does valsartan belong to?

91
Q

What drug class does metoprolol belong to?

A

Beta blockers

92
Q

What drug class does spironolactone belong to?

A

aldosterone antagonist

93
Q

What drug class does milrinone belong to?

A

phosphodiesterase inhibitors

94
Q

What drug class does digoxin belong to?

A

cardiac glycosides

95
Q

What drug classes are used as anti-epileptic drugs?

A
  • Barbiturates
  • hydantoins
  • Iminostilbenes
  • Succinimide
  • Miscellaneous
96
Q

What drug class do phenobarbital and primidone belong to?

A

barbiturates; used an anti-epileptic

97
Q

What drug class does phenytoin sodium (Dilantin) belong to?

A

hydantoins

98
Q

What drug class does carbamazepine belong to?

A

Iminostilbenes; anti-epileptic

99
Q

What drug class does ethosuximide belong to?

A

Succinimide; anti-epileptic

100
Q

What miscellaneous drugs are used to treat epilepsy?

A
  • gabapentin
  • lamotrigine
  • valproic acid
  • levetiracetam
  • pregabalin
101
Q

List 5 vasoactive adrenergics.

A
  • dobutamine hydrochloride
  • dopamine hydrochloride
  • epinephrine hydrochloride
  • norepinephrine betartrate
  • phenylephrine hydrochloride
102
Q

What are the three catecholamines?

A
  • norepinephrine
  • epinephrine
  • dopamine
103
Q

List two alpha blockers.

A
  • phentolamine mesylate
  • tamsulosin
104
Q

List 6 beta blockers.

A
  • carvedilol (reduces mortality) (non selective beta blocker, an alpha 1 blocker, and possibly a calcium channel blocker and antioxidant)
  • labetalol (non-selective)
  • atenolol (cardioselective)
  • esmolol (cardioselective)
  • propranolol (non-selective)
  • metoprolol (cardioselective) (reduces mortality)
105
Q

List 3 direct-acting cholinergic drugs

A
  • pilocarpine
  • bethanechol
  • succinylcholine
106
Q

List three indirect-acting cholinergic drugs.

A
  • donepezil
  • pyridostigmine
  • edrophonium
107
Q

What are two natural plan alkaloids that act as cholinergic-blocking drugs?

A
  • atropine sulphate
  • scopolamine hydrobromide
108
Q

What are three synthetic and semisynthetic cholinergic-blocking drugs?

A
  • glycopyrrolate
  • oxybutynin
  • tolterodine

RD Polytechnic Year 2 Semester 2 (25 decks)

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