252 Pharmacology - Diuretic Drugs Flashcards
What are carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) diuretics most commonly used for?
glaucoma
Which diuretic is the most potent?
Loop diuretics
Which are the most commonly used diuretics?
Loop, potassium-sparing, and thiazide
Which is the last potent diuretic?
Potassium-sparing
Which diuretic is a first-line treatment for hypertension?
thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
What time of day should a diuretic be given?
Morning
What advantage does Loop diuretics have over thiazide diuretics?
Their diuretic action continues even when creatinine clearance decreases below 25 mL/min
Which diuretic has a rapid onset of action?
Loop diuretic
What is a serious adverse effect of long term use of loop diuretics at elevated doses?
Hearing loss stemming from ototoxicity
Which electrolyte disturbance is of serious clinical importance with loop diuretics?
Hypokalemia
Afferent arterioles
The small blood vessels approaching the glomerulus (proximal part of the nephron).
aldosterone
A mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and potassium balance.
ascites
Intraperitoneal accumulation of fluid (defined as a volume of 500 mL or more) containing large amounts of protein and electrolytes.
collecting duct
The most distal part of the nephron, between the distal convoluted tubule and the ureters, which lead to the urinary bladder.
distal convoluted tubule
The part of the nephron immediately distal to the ascending loop of Henle and proximal to the collecting duct.
diuretics
Drugs or other substances that tend to promote the formation and excretion of urine.
efferent arterioles
The small blood vessels exiting the glomerulus; at this point, blood has completed its filtration in the glomerulus.
filtrate
The material that passes through a filter; in the case of the kidney, the filter is the glomerulus, and the filtrate is the material extracted from the blood (normally liquid) that becomes urine.
glomerular capsule
The open, rounded, and most proximal part of the proximal convoluted tubule that surrounds the glomerulus and receives the filtrate from the blood.
Glomerular filtration rate
An estimate of the volume of blood that passes through the glomeruli of the kidney per minute.
Loop of Henle
The part of the nephron that is immediately distal to the proximal convoluted tubules.
Nephron
The functional filtration unit of the kidney, consisting of (in anatomical order from proximal to distal) the glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct, which empties urine into the ureters. There are approximately 1 million nephrons in each kidney.
proximal convoluted (twisted) tubule
The part of the nephron that is immediately distal to the glomerulus and proximal to the loop of Henle.
