252 Pharmacology - Diuretic Drugs

Question 1

What are carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) diuretics most commonly used for?

Answer 1

glaucoma

Question 2

Which diuretic is the most potent?

Answer 2

Loop diuretics

Question 3

Which are the most commonly used diuretics?

Answer 3

Loop, potassium-sparing, and thiazide

Question 4

Which is the last potent diuretic?

Answer 4

Potassium-sparing

Question 5

Which diuretic is a first-line treatment for hypertension?

Answer 5

thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

Question 6

What time of day should a diuretic be given?

Answer 6

Morning

Question 7

What advantage does Loop diuretics have over thiazide diuretics?

Answer 7

Their diuretic action continues even when creatinine clearance decreases below 25 mL/min

Question 8

Which diuretic has a rapid onset of action?

Answer 8

Loop diuretic

Question 9

What is a serious adverse effect of long term use of loop diuretics at elevated doses?

Answer 9

Hearing loss stemming from ototoxicity

Question 10

Which electrolyte disturbance is of serious clinical importance with loop diuretics?

Answer 10

Hypokalemia

Question 11

Afferent arterioles

Answer 11

The small blood vessels approaching the glomerulus (proximal part of the nephron).

Question 12

aldosterone

Answer 12

A mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and potassium balance.

Question 13

ascites

Answer 13

Intraperitoneal accumulation of fluid (defined as a volume of 500 mL or more) containing large amounts of protein and electrolytes.

Question 14

collecting duct

Answer 14

The most distal part of the nephron, between the distal convoluted tubule and the ureters, which lead to the urinary bladder.

Question 15

distal convoluted tubule

Answer 15

The part of the nephron immediately distal to the ascending loop of Henle and proximal to the collecting duct.

Question 16

diuretics

Answer 16

Drugs or other substances that tend to promote the formation and excretion of urine.

Question 17

efferent arterioles

Answer 17

The small blood vessels exiting the glomerulus; at this point, blood has completed its filtration in the glomerulus.

Question 18

filtrate

Answer 18

The material that passes through a filter; in the case of the kidney, the filter is the glomerulus, and the filtrate is the material extracted from the blood (normally liquid) that becomes urine.

Question 19

glomerular capsule

Answer 19

The open, rounded, and most proximal part of the proximal convoluted tubule that surrounds the glomerulus and receives the filtrate from the blood.

Question 20

Glomerular filtration rate

Answer 20

An estimate of the volume of blood that passes through the glomeruli of the kidney per minute.

Question 21

Loop of Henle

Answer 21

The part of the nephron that is immediately distal to the proximal convoluted tubules.

Question 22

Nephron

Answer 22

The functional filtration unit of the kidney, consisting of (in anatomical order from proximal to distal) the glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct, which empties urine into the ureters. There are approximately 1 million nephrons in each kidney.

Question 23

proximal convoluted (twisted) tubule

Answer 23

The part of the nephron that is immediately distal to the glomerulus and proximal to the loop of Henle.