244b tumor immunology

Question 1

cells of innate vs adaptive immunity

Answer 1

innate = dendritic cells, macrophages, NK cells

adaptive = T and B cells

Question 2

immune surveillance and cancer

Answer 2

weak immune –> higher risk of cancer (HIV, organ transplants)

Question 3

prognosis and immune cell counts

Answer 3

high CD8 cell count is good

high Th (1/2/17) cells is bad

Question 4

CTL response

Answer 4

induction phase (lymph nodes)- APC presents tumor on MHC with costimulator to CD8 + CD4 cells secrete cytokines to stimulate CD8

effector phase - CD8 differentiated and recognize tumor cells

Question 5

tumor intrinsic escape mechanisms

Answer 5

loss of tumor antigens, loss of MHC I, more Bcl-2, etc…

Question 6

tumor-induced immune subversion

Answer 6

tumor secretes cytokines that regulate immune system (IL-10, TGF-B), release ROS, etc…

Question 7

cancer immunotherapy

Answer 7

active - vaccination with Ag from killed tumor cells - can use dendritic cells with antigen, viral vectors, DNA vaccines, etc

passive - give antibodies, adoptive t cell therapy

Question 8

monoclonal antibody against tumor - what can be attached to the antibody?

Answer 8

can give just ab (–> phagocytosi, complement activation, ADCC)

can couple to toxin that will kill tumor cell

can conjugate to radioisotope that releases radiation to kill tumor

Question 9

anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies for cancer treatment

Answer 9

block signal on CTLA-4 (B-7) and PD-1 –> increased immune response

PD-1 and B7/CTLA-4 normally suppress T cell response

Question 10

CAR engineered T cells

Answer 10

target CD19?

chimeric antigen receptor