232b cytopathology of cancer

Question 1

tumor vs neoplasm

Answer 1

tumor - palpable mass of any type

neoplasm - palpable mass of monoclonal proliferation

Question 2

benign vs malignant

Answer 2

malignant - invades and destroys local tissue, can metasize, necrosis of tumor

Question 3

carcinoma - cell type and spread?

Answer 3

epithelial cells

lymph

Question 4

sarcoma - cell type and spread?

Answer 4

mesenchymal

blood

Question 5

what are benign vs malignant nevus growths?

Answer 5

benign - melanocytic nevus

malignant - melanoma

Question 6

how are malignant tumor behaviors predicted?

Answer 6

differentiation: well=resembles tissue of origin
grade: pleomorphism, cellularity, differentiation, mitotic activity, etc.
stage: TNM system

Question 7

monoclonal antibodies as drugs - ending? target?

Answer 7

“_ab”

against proteins on cell surface (large size impedes crossing cell membrane)

Question 8

small molecule inhibitors as drugs - ending? target?

Answer 8

“_ib”

blocks ATP-binding sites –I disrupts tyrosine kinase signaling pathways

Question 9

trastuzumab - target? cancers?

Answer 9

HER2 amplification cancer

breast adenocarcinoma
esophageal/gastric adenocarcinoma

Question 10

Gefitinib/vemurafenib - target? cancer?

Answer 10

EGFR/B-RAF mutations

lung adenocarcinoma

Question 11

Imatinib - target? cancer?

Answer 11

c-KIT overexpression

CML/GI stromal tumor