2.4 Motivation

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

The intrinsic and extrinsic factors that stimulate people to take action

Question 2

Taylor

Answer 2

The division of labor and specialization in production improved efficiency

Motivated by pay (extrinsic factor) –> advocated for a piece rate financial reward system

it encouraged employees to produce a greater number of units in a shorter period of time

Question 3

Maslow

Answer 3

Hierarchy of needs (physiological, security, social, esteem, self-actualization

Once they are satisfied they are challenged with higher order needs to intrinsically motivate them

However, people place different levels of importance on different needs

Question 4

Herzberg

Answer 4

Two-factor theory
removing workplace dissatisfaction (hygiene factors) does not automatically cause satisfaction, they must actively seek out factors that increase satisfaction (motivators)

ie. pay removes dissatisfaction, but intrinsic motivation is also required

Question 5

Adams

Answer 5

Equity theory
employees are demotivated in their inputs (effort, loyalty, skill ) are greater than outputs (financial rewards, recognition)

want them to match/ be similar to others of similar rankings

they will respond with positive attitudes and high levels of motivation if they feel equity has been reached

Question 6

Pink

Answer 6

employees are motivated by intrinsic factors

• autonomy: having control of their work
• mastery: improving their skills through tasks that aren’t too easy/ hard to feel a sense of progression
• purpose: understanding how their role contributes to the greater vision of the business

Question 7

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 7

Comes from the satisfaction derived from working on/ completing a task

Question 8

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 8

Comes from external rewards associated with working on a task, for example pay/ other benefits

Question 9

Salary

Answer 9

A fixed annual income that is usually paid on a monthly basis

Question 10

Wages (time rates)

Answer 10

Payment to a worker for each hour worked

Question 11

Wages (piece rates)

Answer 11

Payment to a worker for each unit produced

Question 12

Commission

Answer 12

Financial reward that provides workers a certain percentage of the sales they are responsible for completing

Question 13

Profit-related pay

Answer 13

Financial reward system which remunerates workers a certain percentage of the annual profits that the business earns

Question 14

Performance-related pay

Answer 14

Financial reward system which rewards staff for reaching/ exceeding a set target

Question 15

Employee share-ownership schemes

Answer 15

Financial reward system that rewards employees with shares in the company

Question 16

Fringe Benefits

Answer 16

Financial rewards of a job in addition to the basic pay including, medical insurance, a company car and pension schemes.

Question 17

Job enrichment

Answer 17

Non-financial reward involving the vertical expansion of a job which gives employees more responsibility and challenging roles to intrinsically motivate them

Question 18

Job rotation

Answer 18

Non-financial reward involving the movement of employees between different tasks to promote experience and variety

Question 19

Job enlargement

Answer 19

Non-financial reward involving the horizontal expansion of a job by increasing the scope of the work assigned (number of tasks) reducing the monotony of repetitive tasks

Question 20

Empowerment

Answer 20

Non-financial reward involving the delegation of responsibility and autonomy

Question 21

Purpose/ the opportunity to make a difference

Answer 21

The concept that some employees are not driven by self-interest, but rather are motivated by making a greater difference. By recognizing the purpose in their work, they are intrinsically motivated