2.1 Functions and Evolution of HRM Flashcards
Workforce planning
Analyzing and forecasting the number of workers and the skills of those workers that will be required by the organization to achieve its objectives
Labor Turnover
Measures the rate at which employees are leaving an organization. It is measured by the number of employees leaving/ the total number of employees x 100
Steps in the recruitment process
- Identification (job analysis, job, description, person specification)
- Application (job advertisement, application through form, CV, cover letter)
- Selection (shortlisting, interview, job offer)
Job analysis
The process of identifying what a particular job entails (tasks, roles, responsibilities and skills) - from this the job description + person specification is created
Job description
A document that provides details of the job title, roles, duties, and responsibilities
Person specification
A document that defines the profile of the ideal candidate for a job (qualifications, experience, personality, skills)
Shortlisting
selecting the most suitable candidates for an interview who best fit the profiles in the job description + person specification
Interview
A formal meeting which provides an opportunity to evaluate the candidate’s ability to do the job, validating the information provided in the application
Job offer
At the end of the selection process, the successful candidate is offered an employment contract
Internal recruitment
When a job vacancy is filled from within the business by promoting and retraining an existing employee
External recruitment
When a job vacancy is filled by recruiting an employee from outside the business, usually because they lack the skills in its current employees
On-the-job training
Training conducted in the workplace while the employee is working
Induction training
an on-the-job introductory training program to familiarize new recruits with the systems and practices of the business
Mentoring
a type of on-the-job training involving a partnership between a more experienced and new employee to develop the mentee’s skills
Off-the-job training
training conducted by specialists away from the workplace
Cognitive training
Exercising and developing the mental skills of employees to improve their performance
Behavioral training
Training designed to improve the patterns of behavior at work by identifying functional issues that could be hindering performance
Appraisal
The process of evaluating the employee’s performance with reference to their role set out in the job description
Formative appraisal
A type of appraisal that occurs on an ongoing basis to identify strengths, weaknesses, and training needs
Summative appraisal
A type of appraisal that occurs periodically during the year to summarize their performance
360-degree appraisal
a type of appraisal that gathers information about an employee’s performance from different people involved in their work
Self-appraisal
a type of appraisal that involves employees evaluating their performance against preset criteria
Dismissal
the termination of a worker’s employment contract due to incompetence or a breach of discipline
Redundancy
when a job ceases to exist and therefore the employee doing the job is no longer required through no fault of their own
Steps in the dismissal process
- Issue the staff a verbal warning
- Formal written warning
- Termination of contract
Steps in the redundancy process
- Select the employees to be redundant (objective system)
- Inform them of their termination
Teleworking
When the employee works away from the workplace through electronic communication
Flexitime work
a work schedule that allows staff to choose when they want to work their set number of hours (must be present during busy hours)
Migration for work
when a migrant moves to another country to find employment
Part-time work
an employment contract that hires workers for fewer hours than the normal full working week
Temporary employment
an employment contract that lasts for a set period of time
Portfolio work
people offering their professional skills as an independent contractor
Outsourcing
the process of transferring internal (non-core) business activities to an external firm to reduce costs and improve productivity
Offshoring
an extension of outsourcing that involves relocating part/ all of a firm’s functions overseas
Reshoring
reversal of offshoring; the transfer of a business process back to its country of origin
