24

Question 1

boy water content for baby male female

Answer 1

80
60
50

Question 2

what part of body absorbs the most water

Answer 2

small intestine

Question 3

is there protein in ISF

Answer 3

no think of the banana tree on island analogy

Question 4

is there protein in intracellular fluid

Answer 4

yes

protein anions

Question 5

what are the major solutes that contribute to osmolality

Answer 5

electrolytes:Na Cl

non electrolytes:glucose urea

Question 6

whats the mode of action of penicillin

Answer 6

prevent cell wall biosynthesis so cells explode

Question 7

what can cause osmotic diarrhoea

Answer 7

lactase deficiency

Question 8

what has a greater osmotic power electrolytes or non elxctrolyes

Answer 8

electrolytes

Question 9

which is more commonly used osmolarity or osmolality and why

Answer 9

lality because its based on mass not volume which can change with changes in T and P.

Question 10

normal plasma osmolality

Answer 10

300 mOsm/Kg

Question 11

main solute in blood

Answer 11

albumin

Question 12

what three mechanisms control sodium water regulation

Answer 12

CNS
hormones
kidneys

Question 13

how does CNS regulate Na and sodium concentrations

Answer 13

using SFO and OVLT in hypothalamus

Question 14

main trigger for thirst is

Answer 14

osmolality

Question 15

how do hormones regulate plasma volume

Answer 15

ADH=vasopresin
in CD

ANP

angiotensin

Question 16

molecular target of ADH

Answer 16

aquaporin transcription

Question 17

how do hormones regulate plasma osmolality

Answer 17

aldosterone which acts on eNAC and nak pumps
released from adrenal cortex when too little Na or too much Kplus
results in overactivatiomn of enac so takes up more sodium

Question 18

how do ANP work

Answer 18

atrial natriuretic peptide

release from cardiac atria when high blood volume
increases Na secretion.

Question 19

where is most water absorbed int eh kidney

Answer 19

80% proximal tubule

Question 20

normal urine osmolality

Answer 20

500-800 mOsm per kilo

Question 21

normal random urine osmolality

Answer 21

50-1400 mOsm per kilo

Question 22

normal urine osmolality after 12-14 hours restriction

Answer 22

more than 800 mosmoles pet kilo

Question 23

water depirivation test

Answer 23

urine osmolality after 12-14 hours restriction

Question 24

water intoxication

Answer 24

too much water drank too fast or ecstasy induced hyponatremia

Question 25

what can increase capillary permeability

Answer 25

inflammation