13

Question 1

pH in stomach

Answer 1

1-3

Question 2

what cells release pepsinogen

Answer 2

chief cells

Question 3

what cells release Hcl

Answer 3

parietal cells

Question 4

whats the function of Hcl

Answer 4

activates pepsin into pepsinogen

Question 5

what cells release lipase

Answer 5

parietal cells

Question 6

what cells release intrinsic factors

Answer 6

parietal cells

Question 7

whats the pH of mucous

Answer 7

basic bc water is basic

Question 8

where are parietal cells found

Answer 8

in gastric pits

Question 9

whats the normal status of parietal cells? how are they activated

Answer 9

nor tally off
activated by food in stomach like duodenum release of CCk.
caneliculae gather vesicles to membrane. act via ATPase which moves Hplus opposite of K

Question 10

what ribosome is very commonly found in parietal cells

Answer 10

mitochondria

Question 11

explain Hcl formation by parietal cells

Answer 11

ok so you have
coming from blood:
water
Co2.
they combine to make bicarbonate. and release Hpls
Hco3 is anti transporter with Cl- so you get cl- inside the parietal cell.

Cl goes to lumen via CFTR and then joins back to the Hplus that was released au debut to make Hcl. the H was taken from parietal cell to lumen via active antitranxport with ATP.

Question 12

what substance kills bacteria

Answer 12

Hal

Question 13

what do alcohol and NSAIDS interact with

Answer 13

mucous layer

Question 14

how is acid production regulated

Answer 14

via Ach sencretion to M3 on parietal
ECL cells that release histamine.
gastrin booster

Question 15

what cells release histamine

Answer 15

ECL

Question 16

whats the cellular booster

Answer 16

gastrin

Question 17

what cells make gastrin

Answer 17

g cells

Question 18

what does an overdrive of g cell cause

Answer 18

too much gastrin so too much parietal cells making acid so too much acid.

Question 19

what substances creates a break on the acid regulation pathway

Answer 19

somatostatin

Question 20

what cells release somatostatin

Answer 20

d cells

Question 21

how do somatostatin regulate acid secretion

Answer 21

block release of histamine from ECL to PC so not stimulated that much

Question 22

what Zollinger Ellison syndrome

Answer 22

tumour that releases too much gastrin
results in sever gastroesophageal peptide ulcer disease
present in duodenum

Question 23

where is somatostatin released

Answer 23

pyloric antrum

Question 24

what stimulates somatostatin release

Answer 24

low pH

Question 25

main cause of GERD

Answer 25

hiatus hernia | increased frequency of relaxation of LES

Question 26

Tx for GERD:

Answer 26

PPI block histamine release antacid

Question 27

any surgery treatment for GERD

Answer 27

yes fundoplication where they tie the stomach to oesophagus | can be done normally or using magnetic

Question 28

what causes peptic ulcer disease

Answer 28

h pylori

Question 29

how does h pylori cause mucous damage

Answer 29

goes in. secretes ammonia to neutralise pH invites more friends damage mucous.

Question 30

what key enzyme do h pylori have

Answer 30

urease so urea breath test useful | urea becomes ammonia with urease.

Question 31

Dx of peptic ulcer

Answer 31

``` urea breath test CLO test where you put biopsy tube with urea and measure ph change w indicator red means disease yelllow means youre fine blood antibody stool antigen test ```

Question 32

Tx for peptic ulcer

Answer 32

histamine antagonist: decreases acid secretions PPi antibiotics standard: triple therapy 2 antibiotics and a PPI