14 Flashcards

1
Q

whats the central vessel in the liver

A

sinusoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what branches go into the sinusoid

A

portal vein

CAHA (coeliac axis hepatic artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where does the sinusoid empty

A

central vein to vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how does bile duct run in relation to sinusoid

A

opposite direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are kupffer cells and where are they found

A
in periphery of sinusoid
immune cells (macrophages)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

whats glycogenesis

A

G6P to glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

whats glycogenolysis

A

glycogen to glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

whats gluconeogenesis

A

making glucose from non carbohydrate carbon substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the effects of insulin

A

decreases blood sugar lebel
STOP gluconeogenesis
accelerates glycolysis
SUPPRESSES FAT BREAKDOWN THATS WHY YOURE FAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

whats glycolysis

A

breaking down of glucose to pyruvate and such

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what hormone has the opposite effect of insulin

A

glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where is insulin made

A

in islets of pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how can you make non essential aa

A

but TRASNAMINATION reaction in liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where do transamination reactions take place

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

whats the molecular basis of a transamination reaction

A

moving an aa to a ketoacid using transaminases

ALT and AST are impt to show liver injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

whats the anatagonist reaction to transamination

A

deamination

make a veto acid and a aa using

17
Q

whats an impt byproduct of deamination reaction of glutamic acid

A

ammonia which becomes ammonium.

alpha ketoglutarate which is impt in Krebs cycle.

18
Q

what does plasma contain that serum doesn’t

A

clotting factors.

19
Q

where are clotting factors made

A

liver

20
Q

what does ammonium get further reduced into

A

urea

21
Q

what do FA get reduced into

A

acetyl coa

22
Q

what do triglycerides get reduced to

A

glucose

23
Q

whats the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes

A

insulin inhibits fat metabolism

you have no insulin you need it

24
Q

whats the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes

A

high glucose levels. imparts glycogen synthesis

inappropriate gluconeogenesis.

25
Q

when does ketogenesis take place

A

when there no glucose

26
Q

what switches off ketogenesis

A

insulin

27
Q

what main product do ketone bodies result from

A

proteins and lipids

28
Q

where does ketogenesis occur

A

liver

29
Q

what does fat get reduced to

A

acetyl coA

30
Q

in the brain in what form is fat found

A

acetylcoa

31
Q

in the liver in what form is fat found

A

ketonenbody

32
Q

what happens to fat in times of plenty

A

liver packages it in VLDL

33
Q

when is bile made

A

when food enters stomach

34
Q

what modified bile

A

cholangiocytes

35
Q

how much bile is made per day

A

800 mL

36
Q

what cells secrete bile

A

hepatocytes

37
Q

whats the composition of bile like

A

90% water

10% bile salts

38
Q

what signalling pathway responds to bile salts

A

FXR

39
Q

which hormone stimulates release of bile

A

choleocystokinen