14 Flashcards
whats the central vessel in the liver
sinusoid
what branches go into the sinusoid
portal vein
CAHA (coeliac axis hepatic artery)
where does the sinusoid empty
central vein to vena cava
how does bile duct run in relation to sinusoid
opposite direction
what are kupffer cells and where are they found
in periphery of sinusoid immune cells (macrophages)
whats glycogenesis
G6P to glycogen
whats glycogenolysis
glycogen to glucose
whats gluconeogenesis
making glucose from non carbohydrate carbon substances
what are the effects of insulin
decreases blood sugar lebel
STOP gluconeogenesis
accelerates glycolysis
SUPPRESSES FAT BREAKDOWN THATS WHY YOURE FAT
whats glycolysis
breaking down of glucose to pyruvate and such
what hormone has the opposite effect of insulin
glucagon
where is insulin made
in islets of pancreas
how can you make non essential aa
but TRASNAMINATION reaction in liver
where do transamination reactions take place
liver
whats the molecular basis of a transamination reaction
moving an aa to a ketoacid using transaminases
ALT and AST are impt to show liver injury
whats the anatagonist reaction to transamination
deamination
make a veto acid and a aa using
whats an impt byproduct of deamination reaction of glutamic acid
ammonia which becomes ammonium.
alpha ketoglutarate which is impt in Krebs cycle.
what does plasma contain that serum doesn’t
clotting factors.
where are clotting factors made
liver
what does ammonium get further reduced into
urea
what do FA get reduced into
acetyl coa
what do triglycerides get reduced to
glucose
whats the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes
insulin inhibits fat metabolism
you have no insulin you need it
whats the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes
high glucose levels. imparts glycogen synthesis
inappropriate gluconeogenesis.
