16

Question 1

whats long term energy storage source

Answer 1

lipids

Question 2

how does fat get converted to energy

Answer 2

1. TAG goes into diaglycerol via ATGL then to FA and glycerol via hormone sensitive lipase triggered by glucagon and adrenaline increase.

breakdown using lipolysis where FA can be oxidised for energy in oxidisive tissues or converted to ketone bodies in non oxidative tissue

glycerol can be used for glucose synthesis

Question 3

what triggers hormone sensitive lipase

Answer 3

adrenaline

glucagon

Question 4

would you still get glycerol and FA if you knock out DAG

Answer 4

yes but less so

Question 5

how do FA get oxidised

Answer 5

1. FA gets acitvated by acetylcoA to fatty acylcoA
2. fatty acylcoA goes inside mitochondria via CPT 1 and CPT 2
3. beta oxidation to go from fatty acylcoA to acetyl coA and NAD for electron transport chain

Question 6

how doe acetyl coA activate FA

Answer 6

by attaching coa

Question 7

how does fattyacyl coa get to mitochondria

Answer 7

via carnitine shuttle

Question 8

where does beta oxidation are place

Answer 8

mitochondria

Question 9

what enzymes does beta oxidation of fatty acids (acetylCoa)

Answer 9

acetylcoA dehydrogrenases

Question 10

where does beta oxidation not happen

Answer 10

brain and rbc

Question 11

b oxidation removes how many carbons at a time

Answer 11

2

Question 12

what controls catabolism of FA

Answer 12

the point of control is tranport to mitochondria. CPT inhibited by malonylcoA

Question 13

whats the level. of CPT1 during starvation

Answer 13

high

bc activated by glucagon

Question 14

can fats be used for gluconeogeneiss

Answer 14

no but you can use product of beta oxidation which is acetylcoA

Question 15

ok so how does the body actually make fat

Answer 15

in cytoplasm by adding two carbon units.
in time sof plenty, you have glucose goes to pyruvate… you have a lot of citrate so you can take citrate to cytoplasm where its broken down to acetylcoA
enzyme acetylcoA carboxylase takes you from acCoA to Mal Coa which is then used to add 2 carbon units onto growing FA chains. losing Co2 in the process.

so two stgaes
one is formation of malonylcoa
formation of fatty acid chain

Question 16

at what stage is fatty acid synthesis controlled

Answer 16

when acetylcoacarboxylase turns acccoa to malonyl

Question 17

how is acetylcarboxylase controlled

Answer 17

polymerization turns on
phosphorylation (turn off)
long term genetic control

Question 18

brain doesn’t do beta ox. brain cant use fat. so what happens when there’s no glucose

Answer 18

ketone bodies.

Question 19

ketone body ancestor

Answer 19

acetylcoa made by beta ox in liver

Question 20

how are ketone bodies produced

Answer 20

you join acetylcoA and
acetoacetate which makes HMG CoA synthase.

that goes into b hydroxytbu dhkhdjks are then taken to the bood
if well fed. you wont have much HMG CoAsynthesase

Question 21

how is ketone body production controlled

Answer 21

postranslational modification: acetylation

transcriptionally. FOXA2 and PPARalpha

Question 22

whats the main regulatory step in ketone body production

Answer 22

making HMG CoA synthase

Question 23

how are ketone bodies used

Answer 23

converted back to acetylcoa and used for TCA cycle

Question 24

can liver oxidise so use ketone bodies

Answer 24

no

Question 25

whats the effect of insulin on ketone bodies

Answer 25

insulin inhibits production of ketone bodies.

Question 26

whats the relationship entre diabetes and ketone

Answer 26

diabetes have too little insulin so too much ketone so diabetic ketoacidosis ensues.

Question 27

what kind of modification regulates the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coa at the end of glycolysis

Answer 27

covalent through phosphorylation by both PDH kinase and a protein kinase A

Question 28

what inhibits fat oxidation when theres a lot of glucose

Answer 28

malonyl coa

Question 29

whats metabolic flexibility

Answer 29

ability to switch from glucose to lipid metabolism

higher ability in fit people