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metabolism > 23 > Flashcards

23 Flashcards

1
Q

can we make vitamins

A

no

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2
Q

how do we acquire free radicals? (ROS and RNS=

A

endogenously by body

exogenous by pollution

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3
Q

how do free radicals work

A

they steal electron from a molecule (oxygen or nitrogen) which will then steal an electron from another maybe important molecule thereby changing its structure!!!! BAD

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4
Q

what produces reitnoic acid

A

vitamin A

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5
Q

what effect does retinoid acid have

A

effect on DC . allow them to change the receptors on T cells so they can bind gut endothelium

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6
Q

where is b12 found

A

meat and dairy food

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7
Q

where is vitamin d found

A

sun oily fish orange juicy

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8
Q

what vitamin needs to be monitored in vegans

A

d

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9
Q

which types of vitamins can be stored

A

fat soluble in liver.

and small amount of b12 in liver too

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10
Q

which types of vitamins often act as coenzymes

A

water soluble

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11
Q

which types of vitamins is excreted when in excess

A

water soluble

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12
Q

which types of vitamins is toxic in excess

A

fat soluble

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13
Q

where do fat soluble vitamins go

A

micelles then chylomicrons then lymph fluid

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14
Q

where do water soluble vitamins go

A

portal vein

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15
Q

what two vitamins are provided by and consumed by bacteria

A

BaKteria

BK

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16
Q

what are some causes of vitamin deficiency in developed countries

A

decreased intake (b)
vegans
elderly
no sun

or 
decreased absorption
malabsorption (coeliac disease) folate and b9
ill disease b12
liver and biliary tract: fatsol vitamins
intestinal bacterial overgrowth b12
oral antibiotics vitK
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17
Q

what are old ppl more likely to suffer from in terms of vitamin deficiency

A

folate

D

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18
Q

what are anorexic ppl more likely to suffer from in terms of vitamin deficiency

A

folate

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19
Q

what are alcoholic ppl more likely to suffer from in terms of vitamin deficiency

A

B1

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20
Q

vitamin a deficiency clinical features

A

xerophthalmia (eye dryness)

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21
Q

vitamin d deficiency clinical features

A

osteomalacia and rikkets

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22
Q

vitamin e deficiency clinical features

A

peripheral neuropathy

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23
Q

vitamin k deficiency clinical features

A

coagulopathies

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24
Q

vitamin c deficiency clinical features

A

scurvy

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25
Q

vitamin b1 deficiency clinical features

A

beriberi

26
Q

vitamin b2 deficiency clinical features

A

magenta tongue

27
Q

vitamin b3 deficiency clinical features

A

pellagra

28
Q

vitamin b6 deficiency clinical features

A

aniema

29
Q

vitamin b12 deficiency clinical features

A

amemia

30
Q

folate deficiency clinical features

A

anemia

31
Q

what micronutrients are associated with anaemia

A

b6 b12 folate

32
Q

what are trace elements

A

important dietary minerals

33
Q

give me example of trace elements

A 
calcium
phosphorus
iron
selenium
zinc
copper
34
Q

what does selenium deficiency lead to

A

cardiomyopathy

35
Q

what does phosphorus deficiency lead to

A

bone pain

fracture

36
Q

whats the function of team cheaters

A

prevent iron overload

37
Q

how and where is iron stored

A

as ferritin in liver

38
Q

whats transferrin

A

plasma glycoprotein that binds iron in blood

39
Q

deficiency in iron

A

microcytic anemia

40
Q

excess iron

A

hemochromatosis
fatigue
abd pain

41
Q

how much sunlight do caucasians need

A

20 30 mintues

2000 iU

42
Q

how much sunlight do noncaucasians need

A

2-10 times more than cuacaisnas

43
Q

what rickets

A

occurs before epiphyseal fusion

causes growth retardation and expansion of the growth plate.

44
Q

what osteomalacia

A

reduced bon strength increase fracture

45
Q

whats calcitrol

A

vitamin d

46
Q

whats another name for b1

A

thiamine

47
Q

where is b1 absorbed

A

jejunum

48
Q

why is b1 impt

A

thiamine pyrophsohphate is involved in
krebs cycle
pentose phospate pathway

49
Q

wet beri beri

A

enlarged heart
tachycardia
peripheral neuritis

HF

50
Q

dry beri beri

A

symmetric peripheral neuropathy

muscle pb

51
Q

shoshin beri beri

A

cardiac failure

lactic acidosis

52
Q

Wernicke’s / Korsakoff’s symdrome​

A

cause: b1 def

Wernicke’s encephalopathy​
Horizontal nystagmus (involuntary, rapid and repetitive movement of the eyes)​
Ophthalmoplegia (paralysis or weakness of the eye)​
Cerebellar ataxia (inflamed cerebellum)​ ACUTE
​
CHRONIC
Korsakoff syndrome​
Mental impairment (additional loss of memory and a confabulatory psychosis)​
=The chronic neurologic sequels of Wernicke’s encephalopathy. It is irreversible!

53
Q

B3 other name and aborbed where

A

niacin generic name for Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide

jejune

54
Q

why is b3 impt

A

niacin form NAD and NADP for Krebs cycle

55
Q

where can cells get niacin other than from diet

A

from tryptophan

56
Q

what causes b3 def

A

vegan
hartnups disease
carcinoid synfrom
isoniazid use

57
Q

b3 deficiency disease

A

pellagra
early:
loss of appetite weakness and pain

later: DDDD
diarrohea
dementia
dermatitis
death
58
Q

lack of folate

A

neural tube defect

59
Q

vit12 deficiency pb

A

CVD

60
Q

b12 importance

A

Cofactor for methionine synthase and methylmalonyl–coenzyme A (CoA) synthase

metabolism (11 decks)

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