23

Question 1

can we make vitamins

Answer 1

no

Question 2

how do we acquire free radicals? (ROS and RNS=

Answer 2

endogenously by body

exogenous by pollution

Question 3

how do free radicals work

Answer 3

they steal electron from a molecule (oxygen or nitrogen) which will then steal an electron from another maybe important molecule thereby changing its structure!!!! BAD

Question 4

what produces reitnoic acid

Answer 4

vitamin A

Question 5

what effect does retinoid acid have

Answer 5

effect on DC . allow them to change the receptors on T cells so they can bind gut endothelium

Question 6

where is b12 found

Answer 6

meat and dairy food

Question 7

where is vitamin d found

Answer 7

sun oily fish orange juicy

Question 8

what vitamin needs to be monitored in vegans

Answer 8

d

Question 9

which types of vitamins can be stored

Answer 9

fat soluble in liver.

and small amount of b12 in liver too

Question 10

which types of vitamins often act as coenzymes

Answer 10

water soluble

Question 11

which types of vitamins is excreted when in excess

Answer 11

water soluble

Question 12

which types of vitamins is toxic in excess

Answer 12

fat soluble

Question 13

where do fat soluble vitamins go

Answer 13

micelles then chylomicrons then lymph fluid

Question 14

where do water soluble vitamins go

Answer 14

portal vein

Question 15

what two vitamins are provided by and consumed by bacteria

Answer 15

BaKteria

BK

Question 16

what are some causes of vitamin deficiency in developed countries

Answer 16

decreased intake (b)
vegans
elderly
no sun

or 
decreased absorption
malabsorption (coeliac disease) folate and b9
ill disease b12
liver and biliary tract: fatsol vitamins
intestinal bacterial overgrowth b12
oral antibiotics vitK

Question 17

what are old ppl more likely to suffer from in terms of vitamin deficiency

Answer 17

folate

D

Question 18

what are anorexic ppl more likely to suffer from in terms of vitamin deficiency

Answer 18

folate

Question 19

what are alcoholic ppl more likely to suffer from in terms of vitamin deficiency

Answer 19

B1

Question 20

vitamin a deficiency clinical features

Answer 20

xerophthalmia (eye dryness)

Question 21

vitamin d deficiency clinical features

Answer 21

osteomalacia and rikkets

Question 22

vitamin e deficiency clinical features

Answer 22

peripheral neuropathy

Question 23

vitamin k deficiency clinical features

Answer 23

coagulopathies

Question 24

vitamin c deficiency clinical features

Answer 24

scurvy

Question 25

vitamin b1 deficiency clinical features

Answer 25

beriberi

Question 26

vitamin b2 deficiency clinical features

Answer 26

magenta tongue

Question 27

vitamin b3 deficiency clinical features

Answer 27

pellagra

Question 28

vitamin b6 deficiency clinical features

Answer 28

aniema

Question 29

vitamin b12 deficiency clinical features

Answer 29

amemia

Question 30

folate deficiency clinical features

Answer 30

anemia

Question 31

what micronutrients are associated with anaemia

Answer 31

b6 b12 folate

Question 32

what are trace elements

Answer 32

important dietary minerals

Question 33

give me example of trace elements

Answer 33

``` calcium phosphorus iron selenium zinc copper ```

Question 34

what does selenium deficiency lead to

Answer 34

cardiomyopathy

Question 35

what does phosphorus deficiency lead to

Answer 35

bone pain | fracture

Question 36

whats the function of team cheaters

Answer 36

prevent iron overload

Question 37

how and where is iron stored

Answer 37

as ferritin in liver

Question 38

whats transferrin

Answer 38

plasma glycoprotein that binds iron in blood

Question 39

deficiency in iron

Answer 39

microcytic anemia

Question 40

excess iron

Answer 40

hemochromatosis fatigue abd pain

Question 41

how much sunlight do caucasians need

Answer 41

20 30 mintues | 2000 iU

Question 42

how much sunlight do noncaucasians need

Answer 42

2-10 times more than cuacaisnas

Question 43

what rickets

Answer 43

occurs before epiphyseal fusion | causes growth retardation and expansion of the growth plate.

Question 44

what osteomalacia

Answer 44

reduced bon strength increase fracture

Question 45

whats calcitrol

Answer 45

vitamin d

Question 46

whats another name for b1

Answer 46

thiamine

Question 47

where is b1 absorbed

Answer 47

jejunum

Question 48

why is b1 impt

Answer 48

thiamine pyrophsohphate is involved in krebs cycle pentose phospate pathway

Question 49

wet beri beri

Answer 49

enlarged heart tachycardia peripheral neuritis HF

Question 50

dry beri beri

Answer 50

symmetric peripheral neuropathy muscle pb

Question 51

shoshin beri beri

Answer 51

cardiac failure | lactic acidosis

Question 52

Wernicke’s / Korsakoff’s symdrome​

Answer 52

cause: b1 def Wernicke’s encephalopathy​ Horizontal nystagmus (involuntary, rapid and repetitive movement of the eyes)​ Ophthalmoplegia (paralysis or weakness of the eye)​ Cerebellar ataxia (inflamed cerebellum)​ ACUTE ​ CHRONIC Korsakoff syndrome​ Mental impairment (additional loss of memory and a confabulatory psychosis)​ =The chronic neurologic sequels of Wernicke’s encephalopathy. It is irreversible!

Question 53

B3 other name and aborbed where

Answer 53

niacin generic name for Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide | jejune

Question 54

why is b3 impt

Answer 54

niacin form NAD and NADP for Krebs cycle

Question 55

where can cells get niacin other than from diet

Answer 55

from tryptophan

Question 56

what causes b3 def

Answer 56

vegan hartnups disease carcinoid synfrom isoniazid use

Question 57

b3 deficiency disease

Answer 57

pellagra early: loss of appetite weakness and pain ``` later: DDDD diarrohea dementia dermatitis death ```

Question 58

lack of folate

Answer 58

neural tube defect

Question 59

vit12 deficiency pb

Answer 59

CVD

Question 60

b12 importance

Answer 60

Cofactor for methionine synthase and methylmalonyl–coenzyme A (CoA) synthase