2.3 REDOX REACTIONS: METABOLISM

Question 1

anabolic pathway

Answer 1

reactions that require energy to synthesize larger molecules

Question 2

catabolic pathway

Answer 2

reactions that generate energy by breaking down larger molecules

Question 3

cellular respiration

Answer 3

a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from oxygen molecules or nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products

Question 4

electron acceptor

Answer 4

these reactants are capable of donating electrons and are reducing agents

Question 5

electron carrier

Answer 5

examples of this include FADH2 and NADH

Question 6

electron donor

Answer 6

a reacts that gets oxidized as a result of donating electrons to another compound

Question 7

fermentation

Answer 7

a metabolic process by which organic molecules (normally glucose) are converted into acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen or any electron transport chain.

Question 8

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

Answer 8

a redox-active coenzyme associated with various proteins, which is involved with several enzymatic reactions in metabolism

Question 9

metabolic pathway

Answer 9

A metabolic pathway is a step-by-step series of interconnected biochemical reactions that convert a substrate molecule or molecules through a series of metabolic intermediates, eventually yielding a final product or products.
ex: one metabolic pathway for carbohydrates breaks large molecules down into glucose.

Question 10

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)

Answer 10

an electron used to temporarily store energy during cellular respiration

Question 11

oxidation

Answer 11

the loss of one or more electrons

Question 12

oxidized

Answer 12

when an atom, or ion, or moelcules loses elctrons

Question 13

oxidizing agent

Answer 13

aka electron acceptor; a reactant that removes electrons from other reactants and takes them for itself during a redox reaction, thus gaining electrons and being reduced

Question 14

reduced

Answer 14

when an atom, ion, or molecule gain one or more electrons

Question 15

reducing agent

Answer 15

an element or compound that loses (or “donates”) an electron to an electron recipient (oxidizing agent) in a redox chemical reaction. A reducing agent is thus oxidized when it loses electrons in the redox reaction

Question 16

reduction

Answer 16

the process of donating more or more electron to a particular atom, ion. or molecules

Question 17

reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction

Answer 17

the reductant (reducing agent) loses electrons, and is oxidized, while the oxidant (oxidizing agent) gains electrons, and is reduced.

Question 18

Define redox and give an example of a redox reaction

Answer 18

An oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction is a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species. An oxidation-reduction reaction is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron.
The formation of hydrogen fluoride is an example of a redox reaction. We can break the reaction down to analyze the oxidation and reduction of reactants. The hydrogen is oxidized and loses two electrons, so each hydrogen becomes positive.
H 2+2F→2HF

Question 19

identify the change in energy that occurs during an oxidation-reduction reaction

Answer 19

oxidiation reatcntion —>

reduction reaction –>

Question 20

explain why FADH2, & NADH are two important electron carriers involved in a redox reaction

Answer 20

Transferring the electrons NAD and FAD are carrying during an oxidation reaction releases the stored energy that was harvested from glucose. NADH is oxidized back to NAD+, and FADH2 is oxidized back to FAD. This stored energy can then be used to generate ATP, the basic energy currency of a cell.

Question 21

describe the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways

Answer 21

catabolic reactions break down molecules and release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds. Anabolic reactions build larger molecules from smaller ones, they consume energy to do this.

Question 22

explain why glucose metabolism is central to the metabolic activity of cells

Answer 22

this process is central to the metabolism of cell activity because the catabolism of glucose is necessary to produce ATP from cellular respiration adn fermentation