2.1 Energy Flashcards
Describe what a chemical reaction is, and characterize the reactants versus products for a given
reaction (e.g., bonds made/broken, relative energy states).
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Distinguish between the different types of energy
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Describe the forms of energy in biological systems.
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• State the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and explain how they relate to biological
systems.
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Explain how the change in Gibbs free energy for a chemical reaction determines if the reaction
can proceed.
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Differentiate between exergonic and endergonic reactions.
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Use the equation ∆G = ∆H – T∆S to describe biological systems.
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Explain the characteristics of ATP that account for the high free energy released during its
hydrolysis.
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Explain how coupling reactions to ATP hydrolysis helps drive reactions with a positive ∆G.
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Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
nucleoside phosphate comprised of a ribonucleoside and two phosphate groups.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
directly provide energy to chemical reactions
in life that need it
ATP hydrolysis
releases energy
Chemical energy
Energy released from a substance, or absorbed in the formation of a chemical compound, during a chemical reaction. The energy released from ATP or glucose during a chemical reaction is an example of chemical energy.
Chemical reaction
The change in the composition or distribution of atoms of a substance with consequent alterations in properties.
Electrical energy
a form of energy resulting from the flow of electric charge.
Endergonic
a reaction that releases free energy in the process of the reaction.