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as biology module 2 > 2.3 Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

2.3 Nucleic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

DNA

A
  • deoxyribonucleic acid
  • makes up genetic material in cells
  • codes for proteins
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2
Q

nucleotide

A

monomer of DNA of a nucleic acid

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3
Q

amino acid

A

monomer of a protein

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4
Q

nucleotide components/structure

A
  • phosphate group
  • sugar group
  • nitrogenous base
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5
Q

DNA nitrogenous bases

A
  • Thymine
  • Cytosine
  • Guanine
  • Adenine
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6
Q

RNA nitrogenous bases

A
  • Uracil
  • Guanine
  • Cytosine
  • Adenine
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7
Q

what is the backbone in a DNA molecule called

A

Phosphate backbone

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8
Q

how do 2 strands of DNA bond together?

A

through complementary base pairing

C-G T-A

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9
Q

How many hydrogen bonds do C-G form?

A

3

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10
Q

How many hydrogen bonds do T-A form?

A

2

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11
Q

Anti parallel DNA strands

A

when one strand of DNA goes up, the other goes down

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12
Q

Purines

A

have 2 carbon rings

Adenine
Guanine

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13
Q

Pyrimidines

A

have one carbon ring

Thymine
Uracil
Cytosine

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14
Q

DNA structure

A

2 strands
T-A C-G
Deoxyribose

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15
Q

RNA structure

A

1 strand
U-A C-G
Ribose

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16
Q

DNA replication step 1

A
  1. Helix unwinds
    Helix unzips
    Hydrogen bonds break
17
Q

DNA replication step 2

A
  1. Strands act as templates

Complimentary free flowing nucleotides

18
Q

DNA replication step 3

A
  1. Joined by DNA polymerase
    Hydrogen bonds reform
    Sugar-phosphate backbone reforms
    Covalent bonds
19
Q

DNA replication step 4

A
  1. Semi-conservative
20
Q

Enzyme which joins nucleotides of new strand

A

DNA polymerase

21
Q

Semi-conservative

A

has one old strand, one new strand

22
Q

3 theories how DNA replicates

A

Conservative
Semi-conservative
Dispersive

23
Q

Dispersive DNA replication

A

one protein has all old strands

another protein has all new strands

24
Q

Conservative DNA replication

A

all DNA strands reform from old strands

25
Q

semi-conservative replication experiment

A
  • first experiment = N15
  • 2nd experient= N14/15
  • 3rd experiement= 1/2 N14/15 1/2 N14
  • 4th experiment= 25% N14/15 75% N14
26
Q

DNA

A
  • Gene codes for a protein
  • proteins made from amino acids
  • 3 bases (triplet) = 1 amino acid
27
Q

Transcription protein synthesis

A
  • DNA unwinds and unzips
  • mRNA attached to DNA (complementary base pairing)
  • used as a template
  • RNA moves out of nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm
28
Q

Translation protein synthesis

A
  • mRNA attaches to a ribosome where it is read by tRNA

- tRNA brings the correct amino acids to fit the triplets creating a protein to join together by peptide bonds

29
Q

Structure of a DNA nucleotide

A
  • Phosphate
  • Deoxyribose sugar
  • Nitrogenous base
30
Q

Structural differences between DNA and RNA

A

RNA has:

  • 1 strand
  • Base: Uracil
  • Ribose sugar

DNA has:

  • 2 strands
  • Base: Thymine
  • Deoxyribose sugar
31
Q

polymer of nucleotides

A

nucleic acid

as biology module 2 (13 decks)

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